Bishop Barham University College - Kabale

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Master of Theology and Divinity-BBUC

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The Role of Women in Natural Resource Management: a Case of Two Wings Agroforestry Network-Kabale
(Larenstein University, 2008) Yesigomwe, Aggrey
It is increasingly becoming important to address the many problems in the realm of natural resources in Uganda. The commitment is towards sustainable use, striking a balance between economic development and conservation interventions. Agroforestry has been identified as one of the important key approaches for reducing over exploitation of natural resources while sustaining food production for rural development. Modern Agroforestry is based on improved management and organization of traditional Agroforestry practices to give better results backed by scientific knowledge as a way of addressing problems associated with increased population pressure, land shortage and food security. Women have an essential contribution to make in the management of natural resources because they process several complementary attributes that are beneficial to ecologically sustainable development. The instrumental role of women in respect to the conservation of the environment stems from their tasks and responsibilities, and direct dependence on land based resources. This study was conducted to investigate the factors that cause low adoption of Agroforestry technologies by women of Two Wings Agroforestry Network in Kabale district. The study specifically looked at the three promoted technologies among others; home gardens, scattered trees and shrubs, and hedgerows. Data was collected by use of semi-structured interviews and Focused Group Discussions. PESTEC and Harvard Analysis tools were used to analyse data. Findings show that adoption of Agroforestry technologies in the study area was influenced by socio-cultural factors like gender roles, division of labour and cultural norms. Socioeconomic factors such as, education, marital status, land and tree tenure. Institutional factors like lack of natural resource bye laws. Women in the study area were aware of Agroforestry and more interested in the direct/ immediate benefits of the technologies. Home gardens are highly adopted compared to scattered trees/ shrubs, and hedge rows. There is need to further enhance dissemination through extension by all stakeholders. Relevant channels that suit women’s circumstances should be used to promote technologies that are not yet fully adopted.
Financial Accessibility and Poverty Reduction in Northern Uganda, Lango Sub-Region
(International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2019-04) Marus, Eton; Odubuker, Picho Epiphany; Mary, Ejang; Ogwel, Patrick Benard; Mwosi, Fabian;
Access to a well-functioning financial system can economically and socially empower individuals and in particular poor people, allowing them to better integrate into the economy of their countries and to actively contribute to their development and protect themselves against economic shocks. The paper examined the contributions of financial accessibility in supporting poverty reduction in northern Uganda. A cross sectional study design was adopted. The data was collected by use of structured and closed ended questionnaire. The findings revealed that financial institutions had not done much to reach the poor, which limits their productivity capacity and capacity to acquire productive assets. While there are isolated pockets of poverty reduction as expressed by participants’ ability to own personal assets and easily manage their dependency burdens, a few individuals have access to better health facilities. The strides to promote financial accessibility are highly commendable, though poverty remains problematic even among those who have access to financial resources. The paper therefore recommends that financial institutions should endeavor to offer financial management training to clients before extending credit to them, especially clients with some noticeable levels of illiteracy. There is also need for a comprehensive analysis on the current poverty reduction models and their impact on the very poor, in terms of production capacity, owning productive assets and living meaningful lives. Keywords: Financial Accessibility, Financial Sector, Poverty, Poverty Reduction, Northern Uganda.
Leadership Styles and Teacher Performance in Selected Secondary Schools in Kabale District, Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-04-01) Amon Mwesigye Byaruhanga
This study sought to investigate the effects of leadership styles on teacher performance in secondary schools in Kabale District. The study was guided by a number of objectives which included: establishing how head teachers involve teachers in decision making and the effect it has on teacher performance, establishing how head teachers communicate with their teaching staff and the effect it has on teacher performance and finding out how head teachers delegate duties to the teachers and the effect it has on teacher performance. The study utilized both descriptive and quantitative research designs in nature. It used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach used self-administered questionnaires which were directed to secondary school teachers while the qualitative approach used interview guides which were directed to secondary school head teachers. The sample size was 126 from a total population of 176 respondents. The research hypotheses of the study were verified using Fishers’ ANOVA technique. From the study, it was concluded that the way head teachers’ involved teachers in decision making had a significant effect on teacher performance in secondary schools in Kabale District. It was also concluded that the way head teachers’ communicated with teaching staff had a significant effect on teacher performance in secondary schools in Kabale District. It was also concluded that the way head teachers’ delegated duties to teachers had a significant effect on teacher performance in secondary schools in Kabale District. These research hypotheses were proved by Fishers’ ANOVA results that indicated a significant in all the three study findings. The study recommended that head teachers should involve teachers in the decision making process of secondary schools at all levels and times. This could be done by involving teachers in committees like finance, disciplinary, security, academic, procurement and welfare. Further the study recommended that head teachers should communicate with the teaching staff at all times. This could be done through organizing regular meetings with teachers, writing notices in the staff notice boards, sending junior staff to pass information to teachers and by use of telephone calls. Finally, the study recommended that head teachers should delegate duties to teachers
Head Teachers’ Level of Education and Effective Leadership in Selected Primary Schools of Kabale District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-08-08) Gilbert Mubangizi
The study examined Head Teachers‘ level of education and effective leadership in selected primary schools of Kabale district. The problem of the study was that the ineffective leadership among some of the head teachers has been reported to be the key factor bringing about this state of affair of poor performance in the selected primary schools despite their levels of education (Education department Kabale district report (2019). The purpose of the study was to assess head teachers‘ level of education and effective leadership in selected primary schools of Kabale district. The objectives of the study were; to explore the role of head teachers‘ level of education in enhancing school‘s success, to examine the effect of head teachers‘ level of education on communication in selected primary schools and to establish the effect of head teachers‘ level of education on vision of the selected primary schools. A descriptive study design was used and a sample size of 73 respondents out a population of 90 people was considered for the study. Data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive statistics and use of content analysis method on qualitative data. The study findings on role of head teachers‘ level of education in enhancing school‘s success, responses were obtained on, building collaborative cultures, connecting school to its environment, monitoring school activities, ensuring school staffing. The study findings on effect of head teachers‘ level of education on communication in selected primary schools, the responses were obtained on the statements that the head teachers with higher levels of education tend to have more exposure to communication strategies, and conflict resolution and higher education equips head teachers with knowledge of modern communication ways. The study findings on the effect of head teachers‘ level of education on vision of primary schools, responses were obtained on the statements that head teachers with higher education levels are better equipped to develop a strategic vision for their schools and higher levels of education fosters a head teacher‘s ability to think innovatively and embrace new ideas that enhance teaching and learning. The study recommended that there should be continuous encouragement among the head teachers to engage in professional development to stay updated with the latest educational research, teaching methods, and leadership practices and the head teachers should pursue higher levels of education since it can equip them with advanced communication skills and techniques that can facilitate more effective interactions with staff, pupils, and parents.
The Effect of Studio Technology and Motivation of Learners Towards Fine Art in Secondary Schools in Kabale District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-08-13) Collins Aharizira
This study examines the effect of studio technology on learners' motivation towards fine art in secondary schools in Kabale District. It investigates how access to and utilization of studio technology resources influence learners’ interest, engagement, and performance in fine art, focusing on three principal factors: materials and tools, preparation, and experimentation. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected from fine art learners and teachers through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative analysis highlights that learners’ perception of accessibility and safety of materials was low, though the availability of tools (mean = 1.77) and teacher guidance in preparation (mean = 1.72) were highly rated. Experimentation fostered a supportive environment, positively impacting motivation (mean = 1.76). Correlation and regression analyses reveal that experimentation had the strongest positive correlation with motivation (r=0.571), followed by preparation (r=0.411) and materials and tools (r=0.341). The regression model shows an R² value of 0.350, with an R value of 0.591, indicating that approximately 35% of the variance in motivation is explained by these factors. Preparation emerged as the most significant predictor of motivation (β=0.497). The study concludes that a well-equipped fine art studio, with varied resources and opportunities for experimentation, significantly enhances learners' motivation. Recommendations include increasing resource availability, structured lesson planning, and holistic approaches to resource management and experiential learning. These findings have implications for curriculum development and educational policy in fine art education.
Informal Education and Children’s Moral Development in Kabira Subcounty in Mitooma District-Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-04) Agaba Nyangwabyaki Edwardo
The study was about informal education and children‘s moral development in Kabira sub-county Mitooma District. It was guided by three specific objectives: to examine the relationship between informal education and children‘s moral development in Kabira sub-county, Mitooma District; to analyze the relationship between peer influence and children‘s moral development in Kabira sub-county, Mitooma District; to establish the viable relationship between family values/ attitudes and children‘s moral development in Kabira sub-county, Mitooma District. A literature review was done based on the objectives of the study. The research design was exploratory and employed a majorly quantitative approach, though some aspects of a qualitative approach were also used. The study found that informal education strongly affected children‘s moral development. It gave an average mean (2.88). The study also found that peers had a high influence on children‘s moral development, with an average mean of 2.98, and that there were high family values that contributed to children‘s moral development. According to the findings, the study concluded that there was a high relationship between informal education and children‘s moral development in Kabira Sub-County, Mitooma District. The research recommended that families, being a foundation of morals, should not leave children to teachers to take a big hand in moral upbringing, but instead should protect, shape, and give guidance to their children on good morals.
COMPUTER BASED ACCOUNTING AND PERFORMANCE OF THE FINANCE FUNCTION IN STATE AGENCIES IN UGANDA: A CASE OF UGANDA REVENUE AUTHORITY IN KIGEZI REGION
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-04) SSEMMANDA JOSEPH RONALD S
The study investigated the relationship between computerized accounting systems and performance of the finance function at Uganda Revenue Authority. Specifically, for the performance of the finance function, the study was guided by three functional roles; record keeping, financial reporting and safety of information. The study used a descriptive research design with a purely quantitative approach. Data was collected from 71 respondents using the questionnaire and descriptive data analysis and inferential data analysis (simple linear regression) techniques were applied. The results revealed that URA to a large extent uses computerised accounting systems for its processes. The study also revealed that significant and positive relationships for the three objectives that is, between; computerised accounting systems and quality of accounting records; computerised accounting systems and quality of financial reports; computerised accounting systems and safety of information. The study concluded that computer-based accounting strongly impacts quality of financial reporting followed by the quality of accounting records and lastly safety of accounting and financial information. From the study, it was recommended that state agencies automate processes to realise the benefits that accrue to their use; organisations train employees on the use of the accounting systems to facilitate data quality; organisations maintain and manage all transactions on computerised accounting system to produce quality financial reports; organisations should guarantee safety of information through routine system maintenance programs to get rid of shortfalls such as viruses, fraud among others that may affect the system operations.
Stress Management and Teachers’ Performance in Secondary Schools of Kanungu District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-05) Stellah Arineitwe
The study looked at how teachers' performance in secondary schools in the Kanungu district was affected by stress management. The study's goals were to determine the impact of emotionally oriented stress management on teacher performance, the impact of organizational stress management on teacher performance, and the impact of individual stress management on teacher performance. Data were gathered by questionnaires and interviews in a cross-sectional research approach. The results of a study on the impact of personal stress management on the performance of teachers in Kanungu district's secondary schools primarily showed that the teachers' dietary choices helped them feel less stressed and perform better, indicating that stress levels and general performance were greatly influenced by the food choices they made. The study's findings on the impact of organizational stress management on teacher performance in Kanungu district's secondary schools primarily showed that effective communication channels in the classroom enhanced performance. Additionally, the study's findings on the impact of emotionally focused stress management on teacher performance in Kanungu district's secondary schools demonstrated that teachers adhered to the schedule and carried out their duties as expected because a clear schedule helps teachers better manage their time and workload, creating a more orderly and productive work environment. The study suggests that, in order to ensure that regular performance reviews that provide constructive feedback and identify areas for growth are implemented, teachers should be better motivated by offering incentives beyond their base pay. Teachers should also participate in social events like holiday parties and picnics to strengthen relationships among coworkers, foster a supportive work environment, and encourage relaxation and enjoyment to lower stress and boost performance.
E-procurement Practices and Performance of Purchasing Function in Selected Local Governments. A Case Study of Kyengera Town Council, Wakiso District, Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-06) Denis Atuhairwe
The study examined the relationship between electronic procurement and performance of purchasing function of Kyengera town council. The specific objectives included (i) To assess the relationship between E- sourcing and performance of purchasing function (ii) To explore the relationship between E- negotiation and performance of purchasing function (iii) To establish the relationship between E- ordering and performance of purchasing function. The study applied a cross-sectional research design and used a sample size of 168 respondents. The study used simple random and purposive sampling as sampling techniques. Data was collected using questionnaire and interview guide and response rate was 78% and 80% respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation and regression analysis while qualitative data was analysed using content and thematic analysis. Quantitative study findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between E- sourcing and performance of purchasing function (r = .825**, Sig = .000). Furthermore, there was a positive and significant relationship between E- negotiation and performance of purchasing function (r = .765**, Sig = .000). Lastly there was a positive and significant relationship between E- ordering and performance of purchasing function (r = .772**, Sig = .000). Qualitative findings revealed that electronic procurement has played a critical role in increasing p performance of purchasing function. The study concluded that the better adoption of electronic procurement, the higher performance of purchasing function of selected local governments in Uganda. The study recommends that procurement manager should streamline requirements definition and carry out pre-qualifying potential suppliers. Secondly, procurement manager should improve price negotiation and develop payment terms. Lastly, procurement manager should generate requisitions and purchase
Data Management and Decision-making in Selected Secondary Schools in Ntungamo Municipality
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-09) Smart Atukundiire
This study was limited to the data-driven management and decision-making in selected secondary schools in Ntungamo Municipality. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between data management and decision-making in selected secondary schools in Ntungamo Municipality. The objectives of the study were: to identify the effect of manual data management on decision-making in secondary schools, to investigate the effect of electronic data management on decision-making in secondary schools, and to examine the relationship between data management and decision-making in selected secondary schools. A cross sectional research design was used and data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. According to the study findings on the effect of manual data management on decision-making in secondary schools were: manual data management in schools helps in achieving continuous school improvement in terms of increased student achievement, manual data is used for accountability purposes, manual data use plays an important role to produce proof whether actions taken by teachers and school leaders have added value for changing teachers classroom practices and improve student learning and achievement, helps in school development that is achieved when teachers and school leaders use data to determine how the school and stakeholders. The study findings on the effect of electronic data management on the decision making of secondary schools were: electronic data management helps administrators require information to base on for decision-making to carry out their official duties and responsibilities efficiently and effectively in a transparent manner, electronic data management also act as raw materials for research in various disciplines in the schools to facilitated development, electronic data management has long been seen as the graveyard of information to base on for smooth running of the school. The study findings on the relationship between data management and decision-making in selected secondary schools revealed that there is a significant positive relationship existed between data management and decision-making in selected secondary schools of Ntungamo Municipality. The study recommended that schools should consider transitioning from manual data management to electronic systems since electronic systems offer efficiency, accuracy, and scalability that can greatly enhance decision-making processes and schools need to provide training and professional development opportunities for staff members to ensure they are proficient in using electronic data management tools effectively.
Human Resource Development Strategies and Job Performance of Teaching Staff among Selected Public Secondary Schools in Sheema District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-09) Vita Justus Rwomushana
This study's main objective was to determine how human resource development tactics affected the work performance of teachers in a subset of public secondary schools in the Sheema district. The study was restricted to certain goals, such as determining how training and development, promotions, and performance reviews affected teaching staff members' work performance. The study employed a cross-sectional research strategy, collecting and analyzing data using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Out of the 150 persons in the population, 100 were selected as the sample for this study. According to the study's findings, performance reviews offer a good chance to formally recognize employees' accomplishments, measure and assess their accomplishments over a predetermined time period, assess their effectiveness and formal contribution to the company, and track their performance. Regarding the impact of training and development on secondary school teaching staff performance, the study found that training improves employee morale on the job, boosts employee loyalty to the organization, helps to reduce turnover costs, and saves time by showing staff how to complete tasks both now and in the future. Additionally, it was discovered that promotions were essential to raising instructional staff members' work effectiveness. Promotion, it was concluded, boosts job satisfaction, boosts employee morale, boosts employee productivity, makes employees feel productive, promotes employee loyalty to the organization, and helps to reduce turnover costs. According to the current study, secondary schools should receive assistance from the government in executing human resource development strategies through the Ministry of Education. Strengthening staff development-related policies is one way to do this.
Strategic Management Practices and Financial Sustainability of Telecom Companies in Uganda; a Case of Airtel (U) Ltd Head Office Kampala
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-10) Charity Niyonshuti
The study investigated the effect of strategic management practices on financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd. The specific objectives of study included; (i) To assess the effect of strategic planning on financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd (ii) To investigate the effect of strategic budgeting on financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd (iii) To find the effect of strategic decision making on financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd. A cross-sectional research design was applied with a sample size of 137 respondents and both simple random and purposive sampling were applied. Data was collected using questionnaire and interview guide respectively. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis while qualitative data was analyzed using content and thematic analysis. Quantitative study findings revealed a significant effect of strategic planning on financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd (b = .211: p = .000). Furthermore, there was a significant effect of strategic budgeting on financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd (b = .188: p = .000). Lastly there was a significant effect of strategic decision making on financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd (b = .562: p = .000). Qualitative findings revealed that strategic management has played a critical role in increasing financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd. It was logical to conclude that the better strategic management, the higher the financial sustainability at Airtel (U) Ltd. The study recommends that management of Airtel (U) Ltd to create a supportive environment which promotes effective strategic planning. Management should provide the necessary resources to facilitate strategic budgeting. Lastly management should carry out effective strategic decision making so as to increase on financial sustainability in terms of profitability, liquidity and solvency.
HOME ENVIRONMENT FACTORS AND STREET CHILDREN IN KABALE MUNICIPALITY-KABALE DISTRICT
(UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-09-17) Kwikiriza Martin
This research was a case study of Kabale Municipality, Kabale District. It was on home environment factors and street children in Kabale Municipality. The study was conducted along the following study objectives: To investigate child abuse on street children in Kabale Municipality, to investigate house hold poverty on street children in Kabale Municipality, and to assess child neglect on street children in Kabale Municipality. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire, observation and focus group discussion from 136 respondents. Descriptive research design was the methodology used to gather systematic factual Information for descriptive purposes and enhanced the researchers understanding of the Phenomenon being studied through observation. Descriptive design permitted the researcher not only to collect the facts for description but also to understand how street children operate in their real-life situation through observation. Respondents were composed of mainly street children in street children’s organizations and street children living mainly on the street and found around garbage collection centers and super markets. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using tables, and percentages. The researcher found out that the family, which is supposed to be the bedrock of children's welfare and protection, is today becoming a major cause of the problem of street children. Parents are directly and indirectly sending their children into the streets to beg, steal or engage in petty trade, children are leaving their homes to escape household poverty, physical abuse and child neglect because of the breaking up of family structures. The implications of the problem if not addressed it means that children who are supposed to be the future leaders would continue to get wasted by engaging in un productive and dangerous activities and habits that lead to destruction of life thus having a negative impact on the generations to come. The researcher further contends that not enough is being done to address the problem and that indeed the problem of street children remains an ignored tragedy that is set to have a devastating impact on the development of African countries and the people. This research indicates that the response to the problem has at best been muted and remains sidelined by the government and the general public.
ESTABLISHING AND OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATING LEGAL DOCUMENTS FROM ENGLISH TO RUNYANKORE-RUKIGA, A CASE STUDY OF THE UGANDAN SUCCESSION ACT CAP 162 AS ‘EITEEKA RY’OBUHUNGUZI’.
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-22) Abraham Ahabwe
The aim of this study is to identify the challenges in translating legal documents and show how to solve them. This study has taken its case study as The Succession Act Chapter (Cap) 162 in the Laws of Uganda (2001). The translation however doesn’t capture the 2022 amendments to this law. The document considered here is in English as a Source Language (SL) and was rendered into Runyankore/Rukiga as a Target Language (TL) since it is widely spoken by Bantu people of South Western Uganda. The study adopted a qualitative case study design where the Succession Act Cap 162 was deliberately selected as the primary text because of its social significance in regulating family property and inheritance, which are central issues in Runyankore-Rukiga–speaking communities. The population of interest consisted of legal texts and experts relevant to the translation process. Thematic content analysis method was used in the translation of The Succession Act CAP 162. The translation was made in line with the Skopos translation theory which balances both the assumptions of Nida’s translation theory (formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence) and Venuti translation theory (domestication and foreignization). While translating, the researcher made sure that the message in the target language matches with the message of the source language as closely as possible, by maintaining the linguistic elements of the source language. This study revealed that the translation of the Succession Act Cap 162 presented challenges at several levels, namely lexical, syntactic, conceptual/cultural, modality, and formatting. Lexical difficulties were especially common where highly specialized English legal terms, such as probate, letters of administration, or incorporeal tenements, had no direct equivalents in Runyankore-Rukiga.Syntactic challenges also emerged strongly, particularly the difficulty of rendering the long, heavily embedded sentences and multiple provisos characteristic of legal drafting. In my experience, clauses often had to be segmented or reordered to achieve clarity without altering legal effect. Conceptual and cultural challenges further complicated the process. For example, kinship terms such as nephew or cousin-german did not map neatly onto indigenous Runyankore-Rukiga categories, while common-law constructs like intestacy or probate lacked customary equivalents. Another persistent challenge was modality and performativity. English modals such as shall, may, or shall not carry binding legal force, yet Runyankore-Rukiga markers of obligation and permission differ in strength and nuance. Finally, formatting challenges such as clause numbering, headings, and layout proved significant. In addressing the above challenges, I drew upon a repertoire of strategies supported by both theory and prior empirical studies. At the lexical level, my main solutions were controlled borrowing with a first-mention gloss, neologism, and the creation of a mini-glossary. For instance, terms like probate were borrowed and explained in context, thereby preserving legal identity while ensuring comprehension. To resolve syntactic challenges, I employed clause segmentation and reordering, always checked against the legal scope by consulting experts. With respect to conceptual and cultural mismatches, I relied heavily on explication, compound or hyphenated forms, and occasional marginal notes. For example, kinship terms without direct equivalents were expanded into descriptive phrases that preserved meaning at the expense of brevity. For modality issues, my solution was calibrated equivalence with legal validation. Each English modal was mapped to a Runyankore-Rukiga form of commensurate strength, and then checked with a lawyer for doctrinal accuracy. Finally, formatting challenges were addressed by retaining original numbering and sectioning while adding parallel Runyankore-Rukiga signposting (e.g., Part VIII / Ekicweka VIII). The study concludes that translating the Succession Act Cap 162 from English into Runyankore-Rukiga is a complex undertaking that confronts multiple layers of challenge but can be successfully managed through theoretically informed strategies. The solutions adopted in solving the above challenges; controlled borrowing, clause segmentation, explication, validation, and careful formatting; demonstrate how translation theory can be operationalized in practice. The study recommends the government of Uganda to promote translation of all legal documents from English to local languages not only to enlarge the corpus of literature in mother tongues but also to increase understandability of laws among all people. The government should encourage publishers in Uganda to publish the Succession Act in different local languages and advertise the translated versions in other media such as radios, televisions among others for public awareness. The study also encourages authors and translators of legal documents in Uganda’s local languages by having their works copyrighted, published and set for sale in Ugandan bookshops, have expert review by legal experts in order to improve the accuracy of the translated text and review the translated text several times in order to identify and correct possible errors of omission and commission as well as ensure that the translated version has the same meaning and interpretation as the source language text. Lastly, all family heads and the elderly should always refer to the Succession Act cap 162 before writing their wills. This will guide them on the distribution of property and wealth once they are no longer alive. This will also prevent domestic violence and riots within the families after the death of the household head. In the first Chapter, there is: the background to this study, the statement of the problem, objectives, research questions, its scope and significance of the study. Chapter two has the literature review. Chapter three highlights the methodology that guided the investigator while Chapter four is the analysis and presentation of findings. Chapter five comprises of the discussion of findings on challenges and how they have been overcome to create a seamless translation of the Act. Chapter six draws up conclusions, and makes recommendations for future translation of similar literature into Runyankore-Rukiga that could guide work in other Bantu languages.
Effect of Early Sexual Relationship on Students Academic Performance in Selected Government Secondary Schools in Ndorwa West, Kabale District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-23) Sam Agaba
This study examined the effect of early sexual relationship on students’ academic performance in selected government secondary schools in Ndorwa West, Kabale District. The problem statement was that despite all the available government programs that are aimed at curbing down early sexual relationship practices among the teenagers, there is still a high number of secondary school teenagers engaging in early sex including those of the selected secondary schools in Ndorwa west, Kabale District and this affects students’ academic performance (Getachew, 2015). It is evident that the academic performance in Uganda National Examinations of the selected secondary schools of Ndorwa west, Kabale District was poor in (2021) and also it was revealed that some students were found pregnant in these schools during the exams time which is likely to be contributing factor to poor performance among these students (Kabale District Education department report, 2022). The objectives of the study were; to identify the demographic factors associated with early sexual practice among secondary schools students in Ndorwa west, to examine the social-economic factors influencing early sexual practice and affects academic performance among secondary schools students in Ndorwa west and to assess the environmental factors contributing to early sexual practice and affect academic performance among secondary school students in Ndorwa west. The study used a descriptive study design and a sample size of 234 respondents was used for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews and data was analysed using Microsoft excel to generate statistics in tables, graphs and pie charts. The study findings on demographic factors associated with early sexual practice among secondary schools students in Ndorwa west were; age is a crucial demographic factor linked to early sexual practice, gender differences play a role in early sexual initiation and the family environment and structure can impact the likelihood of early sexual practice. The study findings on social-economic factors influencing early sexual practice and affects academic performance among secondary schools students in Ndorwa west were; students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds may be vulnerable to engage in early sexual activity. The study findings on the environmental factors contributing to early sexual practice and affect academic performance among secondary school students in Ndorwa west were; the influence of peers and the social environment can contribute to early sexual activity and the media and online platforms, can expose students to sexual content and behaviors at a young age. The study recommended that there should be promotion of parental involvement in the education and guidance of their children regarding sexual health and parental support and open communication can play a crucial role in preventing early sexual initiation.
CREDIT ACCESS AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN KABALE DISTRICT A CASE STUDY OF UNIQUE SACCO
(2025-09-29) MUSINGUZI HOPE
The study was conducted to establish the relationship between credit access and poverty reduction in Kabale District using UNIQUE SACCO as a case study. The study was guided by the following objectives; to assess the nature of credit accessed from SACCOs to reduce poverty amongst the members, to establish the impact of loans on education among the members, to establish the contribution of savings towards house hold asset accumulation among the members and to find out the relationship between credit access and house hold income among the member. The researcher used a cross section research design where both quantitative and qualitative data approaches and analysis were used. Out of the total sample of 207 respondents, 202 respondents participated in the study with the response rate of 97.5%. Of these, the findings of the study revealed an acceptance rate above 70% that indeed SACCOS play a crucial role in helping members’ access credit at low interest rates to boost their fortunes at household level, start-up small business initiatives, invest in agricultural enterprises, take their children to school and acquire household assets. Besides this, the study revealed that 72% of the members had been trained, and a culture of saving, which is crucial to investment, had been inculcated in them because this is one sure, clear and fast way to access credit from SACCOs. From the study, it is recommended that community members need to embrace the culture of saving and investment, utilize the opportunity to access credit at low interest rates to ably support their holistic lifestyles at household and community levels. And since this initiative has been proved to be effective as revealed from the study, it is recommended that government increases the support to train stakeholders and sensitize members on how better to run these SACCOs and as well as challenge to others to, despite the failures in some SACCOs, take up the initiative to join these engagements. Conclusively, SACCOs should be able to help members appreciate their present position and look in the future with optimism through encouraging savings and giving credible loans at low interest rates. Secondly, crucial time needs to be taken by the SACCOs to train and sensitize members and the community on the procedures of saving and equip them with business and financial management skills to fully realize the benefits of SACCOs.
CHILD LABOUR AND SCHOOL DROPOUT IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN BUNDIBUGYO DISTRICT
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-10) BYAMAKA NYANSIO
Abstract The study's major goal was to investigate how child labour affected primary school dropout rates in the Bundibugyo District. Three distinct goals served as the study's compass: determining the reasons behind child labour, evaluating the obstacles to lowering school dropout rates, and investigating child labour reduction strategies. A cross-sectional survey strategy that included qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Because variables including age, gender, and education level are categorical, data analysis included frequency distributions, bar graphs, and pie charts. The associations between the variables were also examined using chi-square analysis, with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that child labour was frequently caused in the region. 44.0% of respondents reported a high level of parental illiteracy, with a mean score of 3.86 and a standard deviation of 1.298. Domestic abuse was found to be a contributing factor, as indicated by 26% of respondents (mean of 3.68, standard deviation of 1.193). Another significant characteristic mentioned by 42% of respondents was orphanhood, with a mean score of 3.82 and a standard deviation of 0.975. With a mean of 3.42, a standard deviation of 1.099, and 40.0% of respondents citing poverty as a cause, it was another important factor. 52.0% of respondents, with a mean rating of 3.38 and a standard deviation of 1.297, supported the implementation of laws and regulations that prohibit minors from workingduringschoolhours. According to the study's findings, lowering parental illiteracy may result in less child labour among elementary school students. Child labour was shown to be frequently caused by domestic violence and orphanhood in the district. Based on the results, the study suggested that the Ugandan government and other development partners arrange literacy training for parents as well as training on domestic violence and the welfare of children who are at risk.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE IN UGANDA: A CASE OF SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF RUBAARE TOWN COUNCIL, NTUNGAMO DISTRICT
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-13) AYESIGA ANITA
In a few secondary schools in the Rubaare Town Council, Ntungamo District, the study looked at how domestic violence affected students' academic performance. In particular, the study determined how physical, sexual, and emotional violence affect students’ academic performance in the secondary schools in Rubaare Town Council, Ntungamo District. The study used cross-sectional, descriptive, and survey designs to collect data from a sample of 134 people through interviews and a questionnaire survey. The descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression statistics were performed on the data using the SPPS packages. The study revealed that physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence had high positive and significant effects on the academic performance of students bearing P v<0.05 (.000) with Pearson Regression (R=.992**, .985**, and .979**). It was also affirmed that physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence were responsible for a 98.3%, 96.9%, and 97.9% variability in the change in academic performance of students in Rubaare Town Council, Ntungamo District, respectively. It was concluded that domestic violence (physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence) had a significant effect on the academic performance. It was recommended that parents and caregivers are encouraged to model calm and patient behavior to help reduce aggressive reactions that contribute to a more supportive home environment where there are alternative conflict resolution methods that emphasize dialogue and emotional support. Local authorities and schools should establish clear, transparent and confidential reporting mechanisms for students to report any inappropriate sexual requests from parents or caregivers based on clear communication as this would foster a sense of trust and safety to enhance academic performance. Secondary schools should implement programs that promote positive reinforcement and parental education on constructive feedback helping parents understand the detrimental effects of constant criticism on children’s self-esteem and academic success.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN KABALE MUNICIPALITY, KABALE DISTRICT
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-13) MUCUNGUZI DENIS
This study set out to investigate the extent and effects of gender-based violence (GBV) on the rights of women and girls in Kabale District and Kabale Municipality. The specific objectives of the study were (1) to establish the effectiveness of different advocacy strategies on GBV prevention and reduction, (2) to assess the impact of women's empowerment strategies on GBV reduction; and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the new laws and policies on GBV prevention and reduction in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District. This study was a cross-sectional study that involved quantitative data collected using household questionnaire administered to 360 household heads to establish the quantitative contributions of different advocacy strategies and impact of women empowerment strategies on GBV prevention and reduction in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District. Qualitative data was collected from fourteen (14) purposively selected District level Key informants using interview guide to establish the qualitative contributions of different advocacy strategies, impact of women empowerment strategies on GBV prevention and reduction; and the contributions of the new laws and policies on GBV prevention and reduction in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District. In order to produce relative frequencies and summary statistics, quantitative data was analysed using Excel and SPSS, while qualitative data was examined using the storytelling technique. Findings show that 55.6% of respondents agreed that increasing the capacity of duty bearers and those in charge of putting laws, policies, and programs into place reduces GBV, 51.4% agreed that campaigns to raise awareness and promote women's and girls' human rights and prevent GBV also contribute to GBV prevention and reduction, and 50.6% agreed that empowering women and girls to pursue secondary education enhances their knowledge, skills, and opportunities to escape GBV in Kabale Municipality, Further 51.4% of the respondents cited awareness on women’s human rights has been achieved through educational initiatives and advocacy for women’s rights, 45.8% acknowledged improved communications and conflict resolution skills, 44.4% cited that women’s community support networks fosters solidarity and assistance among women within community groups in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District, 40.3% agreed women’s economic independence is enhanced consequently mitigating their reliance on their male partners in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District. Lastly, key informant respondents noted that the new laws and policies have done little to prevent and reduce GBV because of their ineffective enforcement, limited legal literacy among women and men, as well as rigid culture that do not consider women’s rights. Gender-Based Violence is remains a human rights challenge women and men in Comprehensive measures for promoting gender equality, respect and safety should be put in place. Strengthening of legal and Policy frameworks through continuous reforms is needed. Capacity building for law enforcement and judiciary personnel, awareness campaigns, economic and education empowerment programs for girls, addressing cultural and customary practices, legal aid services to the victims of GBV can help combat GBV and promote gender equality.

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