UCU Digital Institutional Repository(UCUDIR)
Welcome to the Uganda Christian University Digital Institutional Repositoy (UCUDIR). This is the University's official Institutional Repository. It aims to collect, preserve and showcase the intellectual output of staff and students of UCU. This growing collection of research includes peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, working papers, theses, and more.
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- Items in this community present a concise summary of information that can help readers understand, and likely make decisions about, government policies.
Recent Submissions
An Architectural Design for Aggregated Healthcare Reporting From Electronic Medical Record Systems to the National Electronic Healthcare Reporting System. A Case Study of Uganda Ministry of Health
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-23) Emmanuel Ogwang
In Uganda, there has been notable adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), especially Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems. Pilot studies have paved the way for the implementation of UgandaEMR, primarily used by government healthcare providers for disease surveillance and electronic reporting to DHIS2, the national electronic healthcare reporting system. Despite strong endorsement by the Ministry of Health (MoH), private healthcare providers have been slow to adopt UgandaEMR, citing diverse requirements, notably advanced financial capabilities.
A major challenge with alternative EMR systems is their inability to directly exchange routine aggregate healthcare data with DHIS2, a functionality already achieved by UgandaEMR. This gap leads to reporting delays to the MoH, negatively impacting disease surveillance and resource allocation.
This study addressed three key objectives: understanding challenges in aggregated data reporting from diverse EMR systems to DHIS2 and identifying architectural needs, designing an application architecture for data exchange between alternative EMR systems and DHIS2, and implementing this design for proof-of-concept.
Through an inductive approach, a survey of 20 purposively selected healthcare providers was conducted using questionnaires, with descriptive statistics used for analysis. The analysis revealed numerous challenges in report aggregation, including spending more than three hours consolidating reports, duplicate entries, data incompleteness and inaccuracy, and reliance on unreliable data sources such as simultaneous paper and EMR system usage.
To enhance EMR system capabilities, several strategies were identified, including developing an auto-synchronization service for report automation, integrating MoH report formats into EMR systems, and adopting interoperability standards for seamless data exchange.
A prototype was developed to demonstrate these strategies' effectiveness, showing that enhancing alternative EMR systems' capabilities enabled timely submission of aggregate healthcare data to the MoH, thereby improving disease surveillance and resource allocation efficiency.
Impact of School Infrastructure on the Access of Special Needs Students Into Universal Secondary Education in Central Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Joseph Imoni Ichuma
This study examined the impact of school infrastructure on access to Universal Secondary
Education (USE) for students with special needs in Central Uganda, with a particular focus on
disparities between urban, peri-urban, and rural settings. Despite national and international
efforts such as Uganda’s inclusive education policy and global commitments under SDG 4
significant infrastructural barriers persist, especially in resource limited areas. Key elements
analyzed include classroom design, physical accessibility, availability of specialized learning
resources, and the presence of supportive facilities such as ramps, disability-friendly sanitation,
and assistive technologies.
A mixed-methods approach was employed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data.
Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 300 students
with special needs and 150 guardians, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews
with 90 teachers, school administrators, and special needs education (SNE) coordinators.
Additionally, observational checklists were used to assess the physical infrastructure of selected
schools. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques ensured representation across different
school types and geographical zones. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive
and inferential statistics, whereas thematic analysis was applied to qualitative responses.
The findings revealed that rural and peri-urban schools experience critical infrastructural
deficits, including inaccessible classrooms, inadequate sanitation, and a lack of specialized
teaching materials and trained personnel. These factors significantly hinder the educational
participation and performance of students with special needs. Although urban schools are
relatively better equipped, substantial gaps remain in meeting inclusive education standards.
The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Sports, together with development
partners and district education offices, prioritize inclusive infrastructure development. This
includes the construction of barrier-free classrooms, accessible sanitation facilities, and the
provision of assistive learning devices. Additionally, it advocates for the integration of inclusive
education principles into teacher training curricula and the enforcement of infrastructure
compliance through regular audits. Such targeted policy reforms, supported by increased
financial investments and effective monitoring, are essential to achieving equitable access to
USE for students with special needs across Uganda.
Factors Influencing Market Participation of Smallholder Groundnut Farmers in Aweil East County of Northern Bahr El Ghazal State, South Sudan
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-20) Alier Arem Deng
The marketing of groundnut by smallholder groundnut farmers is increasingly problematic in Aweil East County in the Northern Bahr El Ghazal State due to a poorly organized marketing system arising from collapse of the marketing board. This has led to decline in groundnuts production. The objective of the study to assess the factors influencing market participation of smallholder groundnut farmers in Aweil East County of Northern Bahr El Ghazal State, South Sudan. A descriptive survey research design was employed in the study using structured questionnaires to assess the market channels, socio-economic and intuitional factors. A total of 396 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed, data analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and general linear Models. The results revealed that majority (67.7%) of respondents were female. The respondents had a mean age of 33.1 years and most of them had no formal agricultural training at 69.4%. Most (78.0%) of them had over 5 years’ experience in ground nut farming. Findings showed 93 farmers market participants and 303 farmers non-market participants. Farmers’ participation was high in Farmer to consumer (42%) and Farmer to wholesale (37.7%) market channels. Largely (79.7%) female respondents directly sold their groundnuts to consumer. Most (60.9%) youth engage in the enterprise, and majority of the respondents had no formal education (68.9%). Farmers education, size of land for cultivation and experience in groundnut growing showed statistical difference between market participants and non-participants. Logistic regression model revealed factors which significantly (P<0.05) influence farmers market participations decision as; Farmers group VSLA(OR=3.3), transport facility (OR=6.3), yield (OR=0.3) and agricultural input and access to market (OR=4.4). General linear models showed quantity of ground nuts consumed (Adjusted Coef = -0.751), use of bicycle and Raksha as means of transport to market (Adjusted Coef = -0.735) and formation of VSLA groups (Adjusted Coef = -0.635 as factors which significantly (p<0.05) influence sales volume. In conclusion, the study has found out that farmers largely consider market and institutional factors in market participation decision. Prevalence of market participation is still low in the study area. However, increased volume for home consumption, type of farmer group and transport facility impact on the sale volumes. I recommend creation of farmer organizations like farmer cooperatives and associations to collectively market their produce and negotiate better prices with buyers, support in agricultural inputs and access to market as well as deliberate farmer investment in more efficient transportation facilities.
Determinants of Organizational Commitment of Staff in Soroti and Tororo Uganda Colleges of Commerce
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Susan Kyozira
Introduction: The study aims at examining the determinants of organizational commitment of
staff in Soroti and Tororo Uganda Colleges of Commerce. The objectives included: establishing
the influence of work environment on organizational commitment in Uganda Colleges of
Commerce, ascertaining how career development determines organizational commitment in
Uganda Colleges of Commerce, establishing how organizational support relates to organizational
commitment in Uganda Colleges of Commerce, and assessing the relationship among work
environment, career development, organizational support and organizational commitment.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional case study design was adopted. The population
involved personnel from the top management, the teaching staff and the non-teaching staff of
those selected colleges, totaling to 108 in number. These categories of participants were all
selected using simple random sampling since they possessed attributes for the required
information. Data collection was done with the help of questionnaires and interview guide;
whereas, the collected data was analyzed and reported quantitatively and qualitatively.
Results: The findings confirm a relationship between work environment and organizational
commitment. This means that a good work environment such as sufficient lighting, air
temperature, sound at work, colors and decorations in the workplace, comfortable work space,
good infrastructure, adequate facilities and equipment are necessary in improving organizational
commitment. In addition, the study confirms a significant relationship between career
development and organizational commitment. This implies that organizational commitment
cannot be achieved without career development activities like induction, training, coaching,
mentorship, job rotations and internal promotions among others. The study further confirms a
relationship between organizational support and organizational commitment. This means that
staff commitment cannot be expected in a situation where employees are given little or no
support at all; that there is need for the organizations to support employees through appreciation
and recognition, work-life balance, training grants, supervisor support and others.
Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a significant positive relationship (0.237*) between the
work Environment and organization commitment. There is also a positive relationship (0.193)
between career development and organizational commitment. There is a positive relationship
(0.248*) signifying that increased organization support will lead to an improvement on
organizations commitment.
Recommendations: The institutions should create environments where all other amenities of
work should ensure effective interaction and connection between workers; and areas of
further research were suggested.
Effect of Administrative Roles on Teacher-administrator’s Dual Performance; a Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Mukono Municipality Mukono District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-26) Allan Babukiika
The study examined the effect of administrative roles on teacheradministrator dual performance; A case of selected secondary schools in Mukono Municipality. The occurrence under which the teachers assume
administrative responsibilities in addition to their teaching or class room duties and performance, present both possibilities and difficulties in executing these roles. The transformational leadership theory was adopted. The study utilized a case study design with qualitative approach. Data was collected from 37 participants with administrative roles in addition to teaching responsibilities in the selected secondary school. Interview guide gathered data which was analyzed qualitatively with attention to explanatory
content to generate the thematic and verbatim themes to comprehensively understand the topic under investigation. The different administrative roles
played by teacher were strategic formulation, implementation of school policies, termly work plan as well as procurement plan, co-ordination of
activities, performance appraisal, visionary leadership, career development, budgeting, career guidance, community engagement and oversight of the academic institution to support delivery of quality education. Teacher responsibilities and administrative duties have more positive than negative effects on their performance in classroom and school administration through promotion of academic excellence, compliance with Board of Governors as
well as MoES policies and fostering conducive environment. However, conflicting royalty, limited resources, time management, roles and priorities
in addition to issues pertaining work load management can be the greatest obstacle to the effectiveness of teacher- administrator dual performance. Secondary schools should have supportive school structure, prepare work plan, team teaching, professional development, delegation, performance appraisal, transparency in the way of communication, decision making and clearly defining their roles and duties with increased budget to yield teacher performance at schools