Masters of Public Health

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11951/1046

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Factors associated with uptake of medical examination among food handlers in central division, Kampala city, Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-06-16) Saziri Semakula
Uptake of routine medical examination among food handlers remains low, and is a public health concern in Kampala Capital City. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with uptake of medical examination among food handlers in central division, Kampala city, Uganda.
Prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension in adults aged 25–64 years in Lugazi municipal council, Buikwe District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-08-01) Pearl Kyomuhendo
Hypertension is an important public health challenge world wide due to its high prevalence and potential to cause complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, among others. despite its burden, some individuals live with undiagnosed hypertension , which poses a risk of health complications if not treated early. this therefore, necessitated studies to be conducted to provide evidence that can be used to inform interventions.
Factors associated with low uptake of human papilloma virus vaccination among girls aged 10–14 years in Mbale City
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-01) Emily Cheptoek
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a proven crucial strategy for prevention of cervical cancer. Despite government programs for the HPV vaccination, the coverage among the eligible girls remains suboptimal in Uganda. This study assessed HPV vaccination coverage and explored factors associated with missed HPV vaccination among girls 10-14 years in Mbale city, Uganda. Understanding the reasons for the missed HPV vaccination is essential for making strategic improvements for HPV vaccination program. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 436 girls aged 10-14 years in Mbale city, Uganda. Fifty (50) schools were randomly selected and stratified by classes. Data was collected using a standard semi-structured and analyzed using stata version 16. Descriptive statistics including univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were used to come up with variables that showed significant Associations with HPV uptake using a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall, 68.4% of the girls reported to have received at least a dose of HPV vaccine, while 31.6% were unvaccinated. Major reasons for the missed vaccination included inadequate awareness about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine, fear of vaccine side effects, large households affecting family decisions, and absence from school during vaccination days. Conclusion: The uptake of HPV Vaccine was suboptimal below the 90% WHO recommended coverage in Mbale city, as 31.6% of eligible girls missed vaccination. Strengthening community sensitization, Equipping teachers with educative messages on vaccination, improving access to vaccination services in school and community, and enhancing follow-up strategies to ensure reach of missed girls are some of the efforts to reduce HPV vaccination inequities.
Adherence to outpatient therapeutic care and its associated factors among children 6-59 months with severe acute malnutrition at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-14) Kenneth Nandala
Background: Malnutrition remains a major public health challenge, particularly among children under five, with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) contributing significantly to child morbidity and mortality. Aims: This study investigated adherence to Outpatient Therapeutic Care (OTC) and its associated factors among children aged 6-59 months at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH). The specific objectives were to assess socio-demographic, client-related, and service-related factors influencing adherence. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 138 caregivers of children receiving OTC at JRRH. Structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and hospital records provided both quantitative and qualitative data. Adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5), and data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: Findings revealed that 60.1% of caregivers demonstrated optimal adherence to OTC. Socio-demographic factors, including caregiver age, marital status, and education level, were not significantly associated with adherence (p > 0.05). However, maternal occupation emerged as a significant predictor, with informally employed mothers more likely to exhibit sub-optimal adherence (aOR = 0.516, p = 0.030). Client-related factors, including caregiver awareness and perceptions of malnutrition, had no significant impact. Among the service-related factors, supplement sharing negatively impacted adherence (aOR = 0.437, p = 0.048), while satisfaction with treatment and accessibility of refills did not significantly influence adherence. Conclusion: The study concluded that financial constraints and supplement sharing were key barriers to OTC adherence. Strengthening community outreach, improving stock management of therapeutic foods, and implementing financial support programs for caregivers were recommended to enhance adherence and improve child health outcomes.
Anti-retroviral therapy adherence and HIV status disclosure among women aged 18 to 35 years in selected health facilities in Kampala District
(Uganda Christian Universy, 2026-04-09) Joyce Bbosa Nakyobe
This study examined the association between HIV status disclosure and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among 369 women aged 18–35 receiving HIV care in Kampala, Uganda, using secondary data from the 24-month BONE: CARE prospective cohort study. Although ART adherence improved over time, peaking at 83.6% at month 21 and 81.8% at month 24 HIV status disclosure remained low. At baseline, only 32.5% of participants had disclosed their status, and just 5% of initial non-disclosers disclosed by study end. Multivariable analysis showed that women aged 25–35 years (aPR = 1.10, p = 0.048) and employed women (aPR = 0.92, p = 0.033) were more likely not to disclose their HIV status. The findings highlight persistent psychosocial and economic barriers to disclosure despite improved adherence. Comprehensive interventions focusing on stigma reduction, empowerment, and targeted support services are needed to promote both HIV status disclosure and sustained ART adherence among young women living with HIV.
Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated factors among young women of 18–24 years in Wakiso District
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-08) Dorothy Nyinawumuntu
Introduction Post-partum depression (PPD) is among the most common psychological disorder affecting women during the postnatal period. It is a psychological disorder that impacts on behavior, mental health and physical abilities of women following childbirth. The WHO defines PPD as psychological illness that lasts more than 2 weeks and usually exhibits persistent sadness, loss of interest in usually activities etc. Although PPD affects women of all reproductive ages; young women aged 15-24 are more at risk of PPD due the stigma inflicted by the community because of being having a teenage pregnancy and childbirth. Several studies have found that PPD is twice as much among women aged 15-24. In a study done in Indonesian, it was found that young women are more at risk of PPD among all women of reproductive ages. Methods The study aimed at assessing prevalence of PPD, and the associated risk factors among young women (18-24). A structured questionnaire was administered to total of 177 young women aged 18-24 leaving in Wakiso district. These were young women accessing postnatal services in the wakiso district. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants and Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results The prevalence of PPD in the study was 33.3%. At the bivariate, parity, type of delivery, unplanned pregnancy, pregnancy complications, baby’s preferred sex and current illness, nature of support from partners and depression during pregnancy were more associated with PPD. At the multivariate analysis, unplanned pregnancy, baby’s preferred sex, current health status of the baby and support provided by the partner were significantly associated with PPD among young women Conclusion and Recommendations PPD is a serious psychological condition affecting the health and wellbeing of young women. The study recommends that the district health office through health facilities designs and implements customized mental health service provision system for young mothers while seeking postnatal care services
Menstrual Hygiene Management and associated factors among adolescent girls in Tapac Sub county, Moroto district, Karamoja region
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-27) Esther Loma
Background: An estimated 1.8 billion women menstruate globally each month, including adolescent girls in and out of school. Despite being a natural biological process, poor menstrual hygiene management (MHM) exposes adolescent girls to adverse health and social outcomes such as urinary tract infections, reproductive tract infections, HIV infection, mental health challenges, school absenteeism and dropout, and increased risk of adolescent pregnancy. These challenges are more pronounced in Uganda, particularly in the Karamoja sub-region, where access to menstrual hygiene information, materials, and supportive environments remains limited. However, there is limited empirical evidence on MHM adequacy and its associated factors in Tapac Sub-county. Objective: To assess menstrual hygiene management and its associated factors among adolescent girls in Tapac Sub-county, Moroto District, Karamoja region. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study design was used among adolescent girls aged 13–18 years in Tapac Sub-county. A multistage sampling technique involving stratification of parishes, random selection of villages, and systematic household sampling was employed. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire translated into Ngakarimojong. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 using descriptive statistics and log-binomial regression to determine factors associated with adequate MHM. Results: The proportion of adolescent girls who adequately practiced menstrual hygiene management was 21%. Factors associated with lower MHM adequacy included younger age (13–15 years) (aPR = 0.313; 95% CI: 0.211–0.465; p < 0.001) and menstrual duration of fewer than five days (aPR = 0.523; 95% CI: 0.341–0.802; p = 0.003). Factors positively associated with adequate MHM included being currently in school (aPR = 2.099; 95% CI: 1.388–3.174; p < 0.001), primary education level (aPR = 2.247; 95% CI: 1.207–4.183; p = 0.011), knowledge of appropriate menstrual materials (aPR = 3.284; 95% CI: 2.274–4.743; p < 0.001), and regular menstrual cycles (aPR = 2.180; 95% CI: 1.141–4.165; p = 0.018). Parental factors such as having an educated mother (aOR = 2.424; 95% CI: 1.394–4.214; p = 0.002), educated father (aOR = 1.909; 95% CI: 1.105–3.295; p = 0.020), and parental education on MHM – especially from fathers (aPR = 4.283; 95% CI: 2.870–6.392; p < 0.001) – were significantly associated with improved MHM. Additional factors included smaller household size, presence of other menstruating schoolgirls, and supportive school policies allowing menstrual management during school hours. Conclusion: Menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Tapac Sub-county is inadequate, with only 2 in 10 girls practicing adequate MHM. This places the majority at risk of adverse health and social outcomes. There is a need for integrated, multi-level interventions targeting intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community factors to improve menstrual hygiene practices in the region.
Assessing Factors Associated With Stock-outs of Reproductive Health Commodities in Selected Health Facilities of Wakiso District, Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-14) Sandra Wanyenze Magona
Background: In Uganda, despite the reduced costs of reproductive health (RH) commodities and increased support from the Ministry of Health and partners such as UNFPA,stock-outs of these commodities remain a persistent challenge.There is a need to understand and document the factors associated with stock-outs and the barriers, facilitators and experiences in reproductive health commodities management. Objective: To determine factors influencing stock out levels of reproductive health commodities and explore the barriers, facilitators and experiences of healthcare workers regarding the management of reproductive health commodities in selected health facilities of Wakiso district. Methods: A mixed study was employed concurrently in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected at the same time. Quantitative data was collected from the stockcards while qualitative data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured interview guide. Results: Stock-out level for RH commodities was 10.1% with HCIV and HCIIIs experiencing the highest percentage. Injectables contraceptives Medroxyprogesterone acetate 104mg/0.65mL, SC and Medroxyprogesterone acetate 150mg/mL being the most affected and Levonorgestrel 30mcg tabs (Microlut) the least affected. Training in supply chain management remained significantly associated with reduced stockouts, as facilities with trained staff were less likely to face stockouts (aPR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.599– 0.985, p = 0.038). Delays in delivery also showed a strong association, with facilities that experienced delivery delays being less likely to face stockouts (aPR=0.54;95% CI:0.433–0.668, p<0.001).In addition, support supervision was significantly associated with increased stockouts (aPR=1.54; 95% CI:1.083–2.192, p=0.016). Qualitative findings provided factors associated to the depicted stockout levels, such as limited supply chain training, limitations in support supervision, delays in supply deliveries from National Medical Stores, and inadequate budget for commodities. Quantitative findings provided barriers such as limited storage space,inadequate funds for redistribution logistics, facilitators such as functional stock monitoring systems, collaboration and support from Village Health Teams, support from development partners and non-government organizations and lastly experiences on how they coped such as redistribution, and submitting emergency orders. Conclusion: This study examined the level of stockouts, the factors linked to them, and the challenges in managing reproductive health (RH) commodities in Wakiso District. The results showed a relatively low stockout rate of 10.1%, with higher levels at HC IVs and HC IIIs, especially for injectable contraceptives and 3-year implants due to high demand. Factors such as training in supply chain management, delivery delays, and support supervision were associated with stockouts, showing the complexity of the supply system. Interviews also revealed challenges like poor record-keeping, difficulties in redistributing stock, and limited resources, as well as ways facilities cope with shortages. Overall, the study provides useful information to help improve the supply system and reduce stockouts of RH commodities in Wakiso District. Results:
Prevalence, Factors Associated With Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years in Al-Shabbah Children’s Hospital-Juba, South Sudan
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-09) Osman Mohammed Abduelgabar Ibraheim
Malnutrition is a serious medical condition, which results from relative, absolute, or excess deficiency of one or more essential nutrients in the human body (Mengistu et al., 2013). It is a direct cause of mortality, and a major disabler preventing children who survive to reach their full developmental potential. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children under the age of five years in Al-Shabbah Children´s Hospital Juba, South Sudan. Specifically, the study sought to determine the association between maternal factors, child related factors, and service factors related with malnutrition among children under the age of five years. The cross-sectional design and logistic regression was the main methods of data analysis. The findings indicated that 72.9% of children under five years were affected by Malnutrition including 54.3% classified as severely or moderately acutely malnourished (SAM & MAM). Specific nutritional indicators showed that underweight (WAZ) affected 59.9%, wasting (WHZ) affected 60.6%, and stunting (HAZ) affected 24.2% of children, reflecting both acute and chronic undernutrition. Maternal factors were strongly associated with malnutrition of children under the age of five years in Al-Shabbah Children´s Hospital. Children of mothers with no formal education (43.9%) had over three times higher odds of malnutrition compared to those whose mothers had tertiary education (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.68–7.35, p = 0.001). Lack of postnatal care attendance (49.8% of mothers) also increased the risk (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.10–4.20, p = 0.024). Among child-related factors, children aged 7–18 months (47.6% of the sample) were most vulnerable, highlighting the critical period of transition from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary feeding (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.85, p = 0.015). Male sex and low birth weight were associated with higher malnutrition descriptively but were not significant after adjustment. Health facility factors influenced malnutrition outcomes, with adequate availability and accessibility of services improving child nutrition (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.97–2.50, p = 0.003). Other facility-related factors, including place of care, distance, and health worker attitude, were not independently significant but remain important for program planning. It is concluded that, At Al-Shabbah Children’s Hospital, 72.9% of children under five are malnourished (54.3% SAM & MAM), with underweight affecting 59.9%, wasting 60.6%, and stunting 24.2%, highlighting a critical need for targeted nutrition interventions. Overall, these findings underscore that integrated interventions are needed, targeting maternal education, postnatal care utilization, age-specific child nutrition interventions, and strengthened, accessible health services, to reduce the high prevalence of malnutrition in children under five.
Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Participation in HIV/Aids Clinical Trials Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV in a Suburban Area of Kampala, Uganda.
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-02) Stella Namukwaya
Background: This study explores the perceptions and attitudes of adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV) toward participation in HIV/AIDS clinical trials in a suburban area of Kampala,Uganda. Although clinical trials are essential for advancing HIV treatment, participation rates among adolescents and young adults remain low, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study involved in-depth interviews (IDI’s) and focus group discussions (FGD’s) with AYALHIV aged 13-24 years attending the Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) paediatric clinic in Lubowa. Results: Findings revealed low awareness and knowledge of clinical trials among participants, with most learning about trials through healthcare providers or peers. Major barriers to participation included fear of side effects, practical challenges such as transportation, and concerns about privacy due to HIV-related stigma. However, several facilitators were also identified, such as family and peer support, access to clear information, and a strong sense of altruism among older participants who viewed trial participation as contributing to the broader fight against HIV/AIDS. Conclusions: The study concludes that while there are significant barriers, addressing logistical issues, improving educational outreach, and emphasizing altruistic motivations could enhance participation. Recommendations: Doing targeted educational campaigns, increasing logistical support, and community-based initiatives to reduce stigma and promote trial participation among AYALHIV. By understanding and addressing these factors, future HIV clinical trials can become more inclusive, contributing to more effective research and better health outcomes for adolescents and young adults living with HIV.
Factors Associated with Self-induced Abortions Among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49) Years in Jinja Regional Referral Hospital- Jinja City
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-02-18) Esther Omoding Arongat
This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with Self-induced abortions among women of reproductive age of 15-49 years in Jinja regional referral hospital- Jinja city. The specific objectives were to determine the behavioural factors associated with self-induced abortions, examine the socio-demographic factors associated with Self-induced to Abortions and to establish the reproductive health behavioural factors associated with Self-induced Abortions among women of reproductive age of (15-49) years in Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. The quantitative cross-sectional study design. Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) method was used to draw a sample size of 327 women, from a population of 2,200 women of reproductive age of (15-49) years in Jinja Regional Referral Hospital The sample was selected using a systematic random sampling technique and the data was entered in SPSS version 23 for analysis. The validity and reliability of data was verified using the content validity index and the Cronbach alpha coefficient. For descriptive purposes, the researcher used the mean and standard deviation to analyse the data. Data was tested for correlation to establish the association between the study variables. Using inferential statistics, the data was analysed for regression to establish the predictor power of variables on the outcome variable. The study findings demonstrated a significant correlation between Self-Induced Abortion, Socio-Demographic Factors, Reproductive Health Behaviours, and Abortions among women of reproductive age of (15-49) years. The regression results revealed that self-managed abortion, socio-demographic factors, and reproductive health behaviour significantly predict self-induced abortion among (15-49-year-old women at a 1% significance level. Factors like self-induced abortion, socio-demographic factors, and reproductive health behaviour account for 44.8% of Self-induced abortion among (15-49) year old women, while other factors account for 55.2%. The study recommends that Health educators should collaborate with community leaders to educate women aged 15-49 on self-management techniques, contraceptive access, and reproductive health rights. They should lobby for financial aid for abortion services, advocate for flexible work hours and paid leave, and implement comprehensive sexual health education programs. Regular health check-ups can help address misconceptions and promote safe practices.
Assessing Barriers and Facilitators for Contraceptive Utilisation Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged (15-24 Years) in Kiyindi Town Council, Buikwe District
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-01-28) Alex K. Bahima
Introduction: The study focused on establishing Barriers and Facilitators for Contraceptive Utilization among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged (15-24 Years) in Kiyindi Town Council, Buikwe District. Specifically, to understand AGYW perceptions of family planning access and utilization, explore barriers for family planning use among adolescent girls and young women and to understand facilitators for family planning use among adolescent girls and young women. Methods: The study adopted a narrative research design while applying qualitative methodologies. The study interviewed 40 adolescent girls and young women and 10 Key Informants as the sample size that were selected using purposive, snow ball and convenience sampling. Data was collected using interview Method and focus group discussion. The researcher used NVivo software and thematic analysis where the interview responses were transcribed, sorted, classified into themes and categories in order to answer the pertinent research questions. Results/Findings: The study found out that AGYW perception and attitude towards contraception is generally good. Some AGYW use herbs, while others take pills, and others use monthly injectable contraceptives (Depo-Provera). Another section of AGYW use implants while a cross-section of other AGYW use condoms majorly provided by their male counterparts. This implies that at least the majority AGYW have access to their preferred contraceptive methods and the ability to determine if, when and how often to reproduce. However, the study also found out that culture influences the usage of family planning because large families are still valued, and the use of contraception is viewed as contrary to these norms. Economic factors also influence the use of family planning and worse still, AGYW from especially lower-income families face barriers to accessing family planning services due to costs such as transport and cost of the method itself. The study also revealed that facilitators for contraceptive uptake in Kiyindi Town council among AGYW include individual factors like knowledge and perceived benefits, interpersonal factors such as partner/peer approval, and health system factors like accessibility and provider attitudes. Conclusion: Individual, interpersonal, community, and health systems factors all play a significant role in shaping contraceptive use. Understanding barriers and facilitators to contraceptive use among AGYW aged 15-24 is crucial for improving their reproductive health outcomes in Kiyindi Town council. Key words: Family planning, Adolescent girls and young women, access and Utilization.
Substance Use Among Students at the Kampala Campus of Uganda Christian University
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-20) Nakiwala Lillian
Substance use among the youth is a major public health problem facing the world today. The WHO statistics report of 2023 showed that the per capita consumption of alcohol in Uganda was 12.21litres of alcohol per year. This is much higher than the African region average consumption of 6.3 litres and the global average of 6.18litres of alcohol per person per year. Furthermore, the national referral hospital Butabika showed that 40% of all its hospital admissions were related to drug use with over 35% of its clients from tertiary institutions. Of the 35%, college and university students are the bigger proportion of substance use. Although substance use is a growing problem in institutions, there is limited information about its magnitude and the predisposing factors. This study sought to examine the prevalence and determinants of substance use among students at Uganda Christian University Kampala campus Methods-A quantitative cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 300 respondents between the ages of 18 and 30 years. Sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan 1970 formula for cross- sectional studies. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to determine the study participants. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 Results- The findings revealed that the overall prevalence for substance use among students at Uganda Christian university at Kampala campus was 91.3% and among the factors influencing substance use; peer pressure was ranked highest followed by recreation or source of enjoyment. Escape from stress related factors was also mentioned as one of the other factors that attributed to substance usage. Alcohol was the major substance used followed by cigarette smoking and marijuana. Conclusion. The study concluded that it was clear that a greater proportion of students in the sample, (91.3%) used substances and that the respondents who had friends that used substances were more likely to use or start using. This implies that peer influence and socio influence were among the major factors influencing substance use among students.
Family Planning Uptake Among Female Sex Workers in Kawempe Division Kampala
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-23) Berina Kamahoro
Introduction The study aimed to investigate the factors associated with Family Planning uptake among Female Sex Workers of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Kawempe division. The study objectives were; 1)to assess the proportion of FSW utilizing Family Planning in Kawempe Division, 2) to determine factors affecting utilization of Family Planning among commercial sex workers in Kawempe Division, and 3) to explore barriers to utilization of Family Planning among female commercial sex workers in Kawempe Division. Method The study adopted a descriptive and correlational research design with both qualitative and quantitative data collection method. A total of 334 commercial female sex workers were randomly selected from the community. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire, and administered by the research assistant that were trained to conduct this survey. Qualitative data was collected from 5 key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using logistic regression to establish factors affecting uptake of Family Planning. Results The findings indicated that out of 332 respondents, 251 (75.6%) of them reported that they were currently using family planning, majority 120(47.8%) reported using condom, followed by 91(36.2%) of the respondents who reported using injecta plan The multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals , age(AOR=4.6; 95% CI: 1.22- 7.12; p= 0.000),, marital status (AOR=0.8; 95% CI: 1.44- 8.09; p= 0.002), educational level(AOR=4.6; 95% CI: 0.01- 8.67; p= 0.001),, distance to the facility(AOR=6.2; 95% CI: 1.73- 9.85; p= 0.002), reasons for not using family planning(AOR=0.8; 95% CI: 1.80- 4.43; p= 0.000),and waiting time at the facility(AOR=5.2; 95% CI: 2.06- 9.88; p= 0.000), independently influenced the uptake of family planning among female sex workers. P-value <0.05 The barrier to family planning among were fear of health risks like cancer, stigmatization from health professionals, lack of knowledge about service locations, time constraints, and financial issues among others Conclusion This study established that the uptake of family planning among female sex workers stood at 75.6%. This below the target considering the fact that it is expected that 100% of female sexworkers should be on some family planning method. Female sex workers experience exclusion in utilizing reproductive healthcare services. As such, healthcare services are advised to adopt a nonjudgmental approach, to enhance physical accessibility and to train nurses and other healthcare professionals on reproductive health needs of female sex workers.
Uptake, Perceptions and Associated Factors on Premarital Sickle Cell Trait (Sct) Testing Services Among Married Individuals in Mityana Municipality, Mityana District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-09-29) Nalweyiso, Martha Dorcas
Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is one of the biggest health challenges worldwide. The greatest burden exists in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 75% of the world's SCD occurs. Preventive approaches include screening couples intending to have children by inexpensive and reliable blood tests in addition to genetic counselling. However, there is a lack of information about the adoption of these approaches to aid in creating meaningful, tailored interventions. Objective: To determine the uptake of premarital sickle cell trait testing, explore the perceptions and associated factors among married individuals in Mityana Municipality, Mityana District. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative component employed a cross-sectional design, involving 272 consecutively sampled married individuals who had married between January 2023 and December 2024. Uptake was summarised as a proportion, along with its associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Mixed effects modified Poisson regression (with robust standard errors) was used to determine the factors associated with the uptake of SCTT. The qualitative component employed an exploratory descriptive design using in-depth interviews with 17 purposively selected married individuals. The data was analysed using deductive thematic analysis. Results: The uptake of SCTT identified among the married individuals was 14.71% (95% CI: 9.03-23.04). Multivariable analysis results revealed that, age of 18-30 years (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.23, 95%CI: 1.08-1.40, P=0.004), being Muslim (aPR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.14, P<0.001), a family history of SCD (aPR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.27, P=0.001) and not attending antenatal (ANC) visits (aPR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98, P=0.009). Qualitative findings revealed perceptions around SCTT, i.e. perceived barriers highlighting health care and socio-cultural issues hindering testing, perceived benefits highlighting socio-cultural issues favouring testing, perceived severity highlighting especially around the presentation of SCD, perceived susceptibility highlighting the possible causes/transmission of SCD, perceived threats highlighting family issues around testing or SCD, and cues for action highlighting the concerns for improvement of SCT testing. Conclusion: The study revealed a low uptake of SCTT among married individuals living in Mityana Municipality, Mityana District. Younger age groups, being Muslim, a family history of SCD and attending antenatal care visits were associated with better uptake rates. The perceptions are multifaceted, highlighting that complex patterns influence the uptake of the test. These findings highlight the need for community sensitisation of SCT testing, improve awareness among religious leaders, improve access to sickle cell testing facilities, and emphasise the need for premarital SCTT during hospital and church marriage counselling.
Knowledge,Attitude and Uptake Levels of Hepatitis b vaccination among boda-boda riders in Goma subcounty, Mukono District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-14) Namusubo Walyomu Angel Barbara
Globally, hepatitis B affects 240 million people. Each year an estimated 650 000 people die from hepatitis B-related liver disease or liver cancer. It is endemic in much of the developing world, where between 8 and 10 per cent of the population are infected. In most developed countries the prevalence is much lower (less than 1 per cent) and the risks of transmission tend to be restricted to particular groups where exposure to blood is likely. It has caused epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa. Hepatitis B is endemic in China and in various parts of Asia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed in the study, the population consisted of registered Boda-boda Riders that operate in Goma Division. The sample was reached at using Yamanes formula, and multistage sampling including cluster and simple random sampling were used pick bodaboda participants. The study used the questionnaire survey method for data collection, and data was analysed at a univariated level. Respondents were considered to have adequate knowledge on the HBV infection if the mean percentage scores is ≥50% and poor knowledge if the mean percentage score is below ≤50%. For attitude, the rating was as follows; ≤50% indicated negative attitude, ≥50 signified positive attitude. Likewise, perception was measured as follows; ≤50% indicated poor perception whiles ≥50 signified good perception (Likerts scale). Results: Most of the respondents were aged between 30 and 40 years (52.6%), while the youngest group, those under 25, made up the least (1.3%). When it came to worship attendance, over a third (34%) reported attending once a week. Out of the 154 respondents, only 39.6% reported having received the vaccine, while the majority (60.4%) had not been vaccinated at all. Among those who had been vaccinated, half (50%) had completed all the recommended 3 doses. While 59.5% of the respondents had heard of Hepatitis B, a significant proportion (34%) had never heard of it. Misconceptions were commonfor instance, 58.4% believed the infection could be spread through the air, and 63.6% thought it could be contracted by sharing utensils like spoons or bowls. Although just under half (49.4%) had heard of the vaccine before, a big majority (81.2%) agreed that even healthy individuals need vaccination. Encouragingly, 92.2% expressed willingness to get vaccinated, and 80.5% were open to being tested for the virus. Conclusion: The study found a generally low uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine among Boda-Boda riders in Goma Division, with only 39.6% of respondents reporting having received at least one dose, and just 50% of these completing all three recommended doses. This highlights a concerning gap in protection among a population frequently exposed to health risks.
Exploring Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Cerebral Palsy Family Rehabilitative Services in Kawempe Division, Kampala
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-03) Nakalembe, Ruth
ABSTRACT Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood disability worldwide, with a disproportionate burden in low-resource settings. In Uganda, research has largely focused on the clinical aspects of CP, with limited attention to community knowledge, perceptions, and barriers to rehabilitation, particularly in urban informal settlements. This study explored community knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and challenges in accessing family-directed CP rehabilitation services in Kawempe Division, Kampala. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted among 306 community members. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed descriptively and through regression modeling to determine predictors of CP knowledge. Qualitative data were generated from eight focus group discussions and five key informant interviews with community residents, caregivers, health workers, and opinion leaders. Thematic analysis was performed, and findings were triangulated to enhance interpretation. Results: Of the 306 participants, 57% (174/306) had ever heard of CP. While 73% (223/306) recognized mobility challenges as symptoms, only 42% (128/306) correctly identified CP as a neurological condition, and none mentioned physiotherapy as part of management. Knowledge was significantly higher among older participants, those with higher education, and those who personally knew a family with a child with CP (AOR = 6.0, 95% CI: 3.6–10.0, p < 0.001). Community attitudes showed limited acceptance: only 44% (134/306) felt comfortable interacting with individuals with CP, and 30% (92/306) would object to their child playing with a child with CP. Stigma was reinforced by misconceptions, with 22% (67/306) perceiving CP as a curse. Despite this, 86% (263/306) recognized rehabilitation as very important, and nearly all (98%, 300/306) emphasized the need for healthcare worker training in CP care. Access to services was constrained by financial costs (73%), lack of awareness (62%), stigma (51%), and transport barriers (41%). Qualitative narratives underscored affordability struggles, reliance on traditional healers, and limited community support. Conclusion: Awareness of cerebral palsy in Kawempe Division remains limited, with misconceptions and stigma continuing to shape community attitudes. Access to rehabilitation is further constrained by financial, informational, and service-related barriers. Strengthening community education, enhancing healthcare worker training, and expanding affordable, community-based rehabilitation services are critical to promoting inclusion and improving the quality of life for children with CP and their families in urban Uganda.
Predictors and Barriers to Family Planning Access Through Pharmacies and Drug Shops Among Young Women 15 – 24 Years in Nsangi, Wakiso
(UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-10-08) Damalie Bajunga Nabweteme
Background: Pharmacies and drug shops provide a unique opportunity for expanding FP access to adolescent girls and young women (Gonsalves et al., 2023), however there are still obstacles to access FP services through these outlets. The objective of the study was to understand the predictors and barriers to accessing FP services through pharmacies and drug shops among AGYW 15–24 years in Nsangi, Wakiso District. Methods: This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study, where both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to collect data to understand the level of access to FP, the predictors and barriers to accessing FP services through pharmacies and drug shops. AGYW aged 15 -24 years were selected using a simple random sampling technique and the key informants were purposively selected. Structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data while Key informant interview (KII) guide was used to collect qualitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed using STATA version 15 while the qualitative data was analyzed manually using thematic analysis. Results: 384 AGYW participated in the study. The mean age was 20.74, about 41.7% were aged 22-24years while 17% were aged between 15-18 years. 65.4% had access to FP, however, those aged between 22–24 years were 5.6 times more likely to access FP services compared to those aged 15–18 years (AOR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.79–17.38). AGYW who didn’t find privacy at the point of access were 53% less likely to access the FP services as compared to those who found privacy [C0R = 0.47] 95% CI (0.11, 1.83)]. Those whose culture did not accept the FP use were 44% less likely to access the FP as compared to those whose culture accepted it [C0R = 0.44] 95% CI (0.14, 1.87)] Conclusion. Age and being sexually active were key predictors of access to FP, while cost of contraceptives, lack of privacy and cultural unacceptance were key barriers to accessing FP services through pharmacies and drug shops among young women.
The Determinants of Nutritional Status among young pregnant mothers attending selected public health facilities in Iganga
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-02) Lunkuse Arnetia Patience
ABSTRACT Background: Inadequate nutritional status among young expectant mothers in rural settings like Iganga are critical issues for public health which has negative impact on maternal and child health. This study aimed to identify the determinants influencing the nutritional status of young pregnant mothers aged 24 years and below who are attending selected public health facilities in Iganga, Uganda. Methods: This was a decretive cross sectional mixed study. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 273 young pregnant women who were sampled using a simple random sampling method. Qualitative data was collected from health workers, village leaders and a small number of young pregnant women. Principles of saturation were followed for qualitative component. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and thematic analysis was done for the qualitative component. Results: 26.7% of the participants had poor nutrition status. The significant factors at multivariate analysis were practices done when planning to conceive such as fitness (AOR=0.3, 95% CI [0.08-0.83], p=0.023), number of children (AOR=0.7, 95% CI [0.36-1.38], p=0.002), level of education (AOR=0.5, 95% CI [0.23-105], p=0.000), skipping meals (AOR=1.2, 95% CI [0.67-1.98], p=0.004) and use of herbal products due to cultural taboos (AOR=0.7, 95% CI [0.39-1.28], p=0.051). From qualitative data, the identified factors were; relying on certain types of foods due to poverty, inadequate food, eating on certain kind of foods that lack nutrition values, feeling sick to cook and being neglected by their husbands. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of poor nutrition status among young pregnant women. The significant factors included smoking practices, having many children, skipping meals, level of education, use of herbal medicine, poverty and lack of support from husbands. Recommendations: Husbands and family members should provide adequate support to pregnant women such as assistance in provision of funds and house chores when weak.
Exploring Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Cerebral Palsy Family Rehabilitative Services in Kawempe Division, Kampala
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-10-03) Nakalembe, Ruth
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood disability worldwide, with a disproportionate burden in low-resource settings. In Uganda, research has largely focused on the clinical aspects of CP, with limited attention to community knowledge, perceptions, and barriers to rehabilitation, particularly in urban informal settlements. This study explored community knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and challenges in accessing family-directed CP rehabilitation services in Kawempe Division, Kampala. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted among 306 community members. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed descriptively and through regression modeling to determine predictors of CP knowledge. Qualitative data were generated from eight focus group discussions and five key informant interviews with community residents, caregivers, health workers, and opinion leaders. Thematic analysis was performed, and findings were triangulated to enhance interpretation. Results: Of the 306 participants, 57% (174/306) had ever heard of CP. While 73% (223/306) recognized mobility challenges as symptoms, only 42% (128/306) correctly identified CP as a neurological condition, and none mentioned physiotherapy as part of management. Knowledge was significantly higher among older participants, those with higher education, and those who personally knew a family with a child with CP (AOR = 6.0, 95% CI: 3.6–10.0, p < 0.001). Community attitudes showed limited acceptance: only 44% (134/306) felt comfortable interacting with individuals with CP, and 30% (92/306) would object to their child playing with a child with CP. Stigma was reinforced by misconceptions, with 22% (67/306) perceiving CP as a curse. Despite this, 86% (263/306) recognized rehabilitation as very important, and nearly all (98%, 300/306) emphasized the need for healthcare worker training in CP care. Access to services was constrained by financial costs (73%), lack of awareness (62%), stigma (51%), and transport barriers (41%). Qualitative narratives underscored affordability struggles, reliance on traditional healers, and limited community support. Conclusion: Awareness of cerebral palsy in Kawempe Division remains limited, with misconceptions and stigma continuing to shape community attitudes. Access to rehabilitation is further constrained by financial, informational, and service-related barriers. Strengthening community education, enhancing healthcare worker training, and expanding affordable, community-based rehabilitation services are critical to promoting inclusion and improving the quality of life for children with CP and their families in urban Uganda.

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