Faculty of Public Health, Nursing and Midwifery

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11951/930

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 68

A Criterion - Based Audit of Postnatal services Given to Mothers and Newborns Within 24 Hours of Birth in the General Hospital in Western Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2023-09-12) AGNES AGWANG
Abstract Background: Postnatal care is a key global intervention and a major safe motherhood initiative recommended for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality globally. Criterion-based audit helps measure the quality of postnatal care reliably and checks adherence to World Health Organization criteria and standards. This study assessed the quality of postnatal care services offered to mothers and their babies within 24 hours using a baseline Criterion-based audit at the general hospital. Methods: Mixed methods used on a facility Criterion-based audit with descriptive cross-sectional and explorative study design. Study population comprised of quarterly recorded and reviewed maternal postnatal files. A questionnaire and key informant interview guide were used. A systematic sampling technique was used for selecting files while key informants were selected purposively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Qualitative data was transcribed using related concepts to form themes and sub themes. Results: 248 files reviewed. Assessment of the mothers and their babies within one hour after birth almost met the WHO standards in all the parameters except after birth pains and incision site for cesarean mothers. Within 6 hours, assessments fell far below the WHO criteria and standards, including records of potentially life-threatening conditions and information shared upon discharge. No mental health information was shared upon discharge. Immediate care of the newborn almost met the WHO criteria and standards except for stimulation of the baby, use of ambu bag and mask, and use of resuscitation drugs. Six hours and subsequently the standards were not met (head circumference, temperature, bladder and bowel function, color of the eyes, cord checked and skin color), including records of potentially life-threatening conditions. Information on discharge was shared except delayed bath and continuity of prescribed treatment. Factors associated with quality of postnatal care included lack of guidelines, understaffing, inadequate sundries and equipment. Conclusion and recommendations: Assessment of the mothers and their babies after six hours of birth did not meet the WHO criteria and standards. Criterion-Based Audit of postnatal services in this study revealed that attention was given in improving the quality of postnatal care than it did before through, adopting WHO guidelines for postnatal care, improving the staffing levels and their general welfare. Criterion-based Audits can be used in other maternity departments like antenatal clinic and labour ward to assess quality of care.
Access and Utilisation of Antenatal Care Services Among Women With Physical Disabilities Attending Mwananyamala Referral Hospital in Kinondoni District
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-09-26) Elia Macha
This qualitative study investigated the access and utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women with physical disabilities attending Mwananyamala Referral Hospital in Kinondoni District, Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were to identify barriers and challenges faced by physically disabled women in accessing antenatal care services, to explore the experiences and perspectives of physically disabled women regarding the quality antenatal care services they receive and to examine the support systems and accommodations required by physically disabled women to access antenatal care services effectively. The research employed a case study methodology, and 20 individuals were chosen using the purposive sample technique. Data were gathered through interview while data were analysed using content analysis. Findings from the study reveal a spectrum of barriers faced by physically disabled women, including physical limitations, attitudinal barriers from healthcare providers, policy-related challenges, transportation difficulties, and communication obstacles. Moreover, participants' narratives illuminate the significance of tailored support, education, and accessible infrastructure in facilitating positive antenatal care experiences for this population. From this study, we recommend that there is need to enhance accessibility infrastructure within healthcare facilities, improve transportation options for physically disabled women, and implement training programs for healthcare professionals to become more cognizant of and knowledgeable about the unique requirements of this population. Future research could further explore communication challenges, longitudinal health outcomes, and comparative studies across healthcare facilities, aiming to enhance inclusivity and quality of care for this vulnerable population.
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs and Services for In-School Deaf Adolescents in Uganda School for the Deaf and Mulago School for the Deaf
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-05-08) Dorothy Ajete
Sexual and reproductive health is a critical societal and personal concern; and this phenomenon strongly applies to the young population in the adolescent age bracket. Some of the common consequences of not managing adolescents sexual and reproductive health includes; early sexual encounters, teen age pregnancy, rape, defilement and others. Therefore, this study focused on SRH needs and services of in-school deaf adolescents. This study aimed at examining the various sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs and services offered to in-school deaf adolescents in two deaf schools in Uganda. The researcher used a cross-sectional research design deploying a mixed method approach in collecting data. The total sample size was 136, of which115 deaf adolescents were surveyed, and 7 key informants were interviewed (2 head teachers, senior women, matron each and 1 senior male teacher). The study finding revealed that majority of the study respondents identified life skills, provision of school health program and sensitive counseling sessions as their preferred SRH needs; language barrier was cited as the biggest challenge in accessing SRH services. Provision of life skills coupled with counselling sessions will play a major role in enhancing the deaf adolescent’s self-esteem and their ability to utilize SRH services. As such the researcher recommends the deaf adolescents be given life skills, government and school administrations to commit to communicating SRH issues in ways understandable by the deaf, and parents to get involved in supporting their deaf children to learn more about SRH. Key Words: Sexual reproductive health, deaf adolescents, health services
Assessing the Knowledge Towards Hepatitis B Virus Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-04-24) Samuel Andrew Theu
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) remains a major public health concern in Malawi, particularly among pregnant women due to its potential for vertical (mother-to-child) transmission. This study assessed knowledge related to HBV among 369 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre. Knowledge scores were used to categorize respondents into two groups: those with adequate knowledge (answered more than 5 questions correctly) and those with poor knowledge (answered 5 or fewer correctly). While 60.2% of the participants had heard of HBV, only 25.5% correctly identified it as a virus. This indicates that general awareness did not always correspond with scientific understanding. Many participants lacked clarity on HBV’s classification and transmission pathways—49.3% were unsure whether it is caused by a virus, and 54.7% were unaware of its viral nature. Knowledge of transmission routes was equally inconsistent. Only 17.9% believed it could be transmitted through casual contact, while 42.5% acknowledged the possibility of infection through an infected husband. Meanwhile, just 45.3% were aware of mother-to-child transmission during childbirth. Although more than half (53.4%) recognized the preventive role of the HBV vaccine, misconceptions around curability and risk persisted. About 50.7% believed HBV is curable, and only 33.3% acknowledged unsafe sex as a transmission risk. Furthermore, just 30.9% of respondents were aware that asymptomatic individuals can still transmit the virus. These knowledge gaps reflect limited understanding of key aspects that influence prevention and early detection. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge levels and socio-demographic factors such as residence, education level, and income (p < 0.001). Women residing in urban areas or those with higher education and income levels were more likely to demonstrate accurate knowledge about HBV. These findings underscore the disparities in health literacy that may hinder public health efforts, particularly among rural and underserved populations. In conclusion, the study highlights a critical need for targeted educational interventions within antenatal care settings to improve HBV-related knowledge. By strengthening communication strategies and leveraging existing ANC touchpoints, healthcare providers can empower pregnant women with essential information, ultimately contributing to the reduction of HBV transmission and improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Assessment of Factors Associated With Electronic Waste Disposal in Lugazi Municipal Council, Buikwe District
(2024-04-02) Yusufu Kazibwe
Introduction The study was to assess the factors associated with electronic waste disposal in Lugazi Municipal Council. The study specifically sought to assess the knowledge of the community on the effects of poor e-waste disposal, to identify the practices for disposal of e-waste by the community of Lugazi Municipal Council and to explore the extent of awareness and implementation of the existing legislation by Lugazi Municipal Council in the management of electronic waste. Method A descriptive crossectional study design employing both qualitative and quantitative methods was used. A total of 385 respondents were enrolled in the study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from the respondents while FGDs and key informant interview guides were used to collect qualitative information from the participants. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and qualitative data was analyzed using NVIVO. Quantitative data was analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate level. Result. Majority 189 (49.1%) of the respondents were aged between 25-34 years. At bivariate level of analysis, educational level (X2=13.980, df =3, P-value=0.030), knowledge of waste that falls under e-waste (X2=41. X 648, df =4, P-value=0.000), knowledge of the effect of poor e-waste management (X2=450.886, df =3, P-value=0.000,), training on electronic waste management (X2=59.382, df =1, P-value=0.000) and how e-waste is stored in the shop (X2=15.091, df =3, P-value=0.02) was found to significantly influence proper e-waste disposal <0.05 At multivariate level, knowledge of electronic waste (AOR4.8; 95% CI: 1.40-7.39; p= 0.002), Effects of poor electronic waste (AOR=5.8; 95% CI: 1.27-22.42; p= 0.001) and training on electronic waste (AOR=8.8; 95% CI: 1.04-8.68; p= 0.000) were independently associated with proper electronic waste disposal p-value <0.05. Conclusion This study established that only 12% of the respondents properly disposed of e-wastes (i.e disposal after segregation). This study also found out that, knowledge of electronic waste (AOR4.8; 95% CI: 1.40-7.39; p= 0.002). Effects of poor electronic waste (AOR=5.8; 95% CI: 1.27-22.42; p= 0.001). and training on electronic waste (AOR=8.8; 95% CI: 1.04-8.68; p= 0.000) were independently associated with proper electronic waste disposal p-value <0.05 Recommendation From the study findings, there is need for sensitizing electronic dealers on the disposal of electronic waste, by the Municipal Council and the Central Government. There is need for deliberate effort by the ministry of water and environment to disseminate policy guidelines on electronic waste to the population specifically electronic consumers/electronic waste dealers and in order to improve disposal and minimize the effects of poor e-waste disposal, the government should consider putting up e-waste recycling plants so as to reduce the volume of e-waste disposed in the environment.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Utilization of Postpartum Depression Treatment Services among Adolescent Mothers at Kitagata Hospital in Sheema District
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-11) Joan Kansiime
Background: This study concentrated on exploring Barriers and Facilitators to the utilization of Postpartum Depression Treatment services among adolescent mothers at Kitagata Hospital in Sheema district, South Western Uganda. Individual, sociocultural and health facility factors were determined and examined. Methods: The study used the case study approach that allowed the collection of comprehensive information and understanding of the study participants‟ perceptive through in-depth interviews, documents and reports review. The research included 09 adolescent mothers who were 06 weeks to 6 months postpartum and 06 health workers who work in maternity and mental health care as key informants. The aim of the study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to the utilization of Postpartum Depression Treatment (PPDT) services among adolescent mothers at Kitagata Hospital in Sheema District. Results: The study identified Individual related issues ( Lack of knowledge of PPD, unawareness of available treatment services, Poor Attitude, Self-Stigma, poor help-seeking behavior, Low education Status, Distance of the Facility).Sociocultural related issues (Fear of stigmatization, Societal myths & expectations, PPD Literacy, Limited health centers, Unequal Gender Power Relations, Family Support). Health service-related issues (Awareness and Knowledge of the treatment services, Attitude, No readily available specialized doctors, Limited Resources, Understaffing, Clinic Privacy concerns, Follow up systems, Health Policies,) as barriers and facilitators of the utilization of postpartum depression treatment services among adolescent mothers at Kitagata Hospital in Sheema District. Conclusion: The results suggest focused training for health workers at primary care in maternal mental health including postpartum depression screening and management at Kitagata Hospital, integrating adolescent-friendly health services and initiating adolescent empowerment programs at the facility.
Barriers to Utilization of Modern Contraceptive Methods Used by Females Aged 15-24 Years. A Case Study of Moyo District
(2024-04-11) Luchio Mua Azoru
Introduction: Modern contraceptives are medical procedures that interfere with reproduction or acts of sexual intercourse. Moyo district contraceptive prevalence used by females aged 15-24 years is 6.03% which is far from the national target. The low contraceptive use among this age group results in high school drops, unwanted pregnancy, early child marriage, and community disputes. General Objective: To evaluate barriers associated with the utilization of modern contraceptive methods used by females aged 15-24 years in Moyo district. Methodology: A cross-sectional design with mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. The reason of using cross-sectional design is to measure the exposure and outcome variables at the same time, its relatively quick and inexpensive, and findings can be used to create an in-depth research study. Multistage sampling was used to draw 423 participants for quantitative and 23 participants were purposively selected for Qualitative study based on knowledge and experience, the results were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 and open code software and presented in the form of tables, pie charts, graphs, and descriptives. Results: The findings indicated marital status OR 3.193, P-Value 0.000 and CI (2.002-5.091), Family/Community influence OR 1.644, P-Value 0.019 and CI (1.084-2.493) and Cultural influence OR 2.004, P-Value 0.006 and CI (1.218-3.298) tend to be associated with using contraceptives. Desire for children OR 0.459, P-Value 0.002 and CI (0.279-0.756) and long waiting time OR 0.442, P-Value 0.003 and CI (0.258-0.756) tend to be not associated with the use of modern contraceptives. Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown both individual and socio-cultural factors contribute to low utilization of modern contraceptives among females aged 15-24 years and these needs to be address with involvement of different stakeholders.
Breastfeeding Practices and Experiences Among Working Mothers: A Case Study of Primary School Teachers and Nurses in Goma Division, Mukono Municipality
(2024-04-11) Stella Asayo
Introduction: Public health specialists recognize that breastfeeding is an unmatched way of providing ultimate food for the healthy growth and development of infants. In fact, it is recognized as an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of both the infant and the mothers. To this, global world health experts recommend that all newborns should be exclusively fed on breast milk without any additional food or drink for up to six months. Methods: This was purely qualitative research that adopted a case study research design with the aim of finding out the experiences of mothers in formal employment practicing breastfeeding and how work influences breastfeeding among formally employed mothers in Goma Division-Mukono Municipality. Findings: The study findings revealed that mothers in formal employment experience heavy work load, tight work schedules, very minimal institutional support towards practicing breastfeeding; as such most of breastfeeding mothers ended up failing in principles to successfully achieve the goal of breastfeeding their infants. Results: The researcher recommends government to consider extending the maternity leave duration from the current 3 months to 6 months with flexible working hours to breastfeeding mothers to allow them sufficient time to breastfeed, and the government should make regular follow ups with all intuitions to ensure that they implement the maternity leave policy to breastfeeding mothers. Key works: Breastfeeding, work experience, maternal leave, institutional support
Depression Among Teenage Mothers in Kira Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda: Prevalence, Associated Factors and Coping Mechanisms
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-04-24) Joselyn Nakyeyune
Depression among teenage mothers is an increasing public health concern globally. Although research on this subject is expanding, teenage mothers remain an understudied population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, identify associated factors, and examine the coping mechanisms adopted by teenage mothers in Kira Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda. A mixed-methods convergent parallel research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating the Beck Depression Inventory tool, while qualitative data were gathered through Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. Findings revealed a high prevalence of depression among teenage mothers, affecting 79% of the study population at varying levels of severity: 27% had Major Depressive Disorder, 17% experienced moderate depression, 20% struggled with borderline clinical depression, and 15% exhibited mild-mood disturbances. Socio-cultural factors emerged as the most significant contributors to depression, largely due to fragmented social structures in the study area. To cope, teenage mothers adopted traditional and non-traditional mechanisms. However, most coping strategies did not fully align with the AAAQ framework, limiting equitable access to mental health support. These findings highlight the need for a multi-sectoral approach that ensures collaboration across different sectors to promote mental well-being of teenage mothers in Kira Municipality.
Describe the Knowledge and Attitude on the Use of International Guidelines for Management of Patients with Heart Failure Among Nurses at the Uganda Heart Institute, Mulago Hospital.
(2024-03-25) Atifa Munanda
Background and aim: Heart failure is a raising public health issue globally. In Uganda HF affects more than 15 % Ugandans annually, and results to increased hospital length of stay, frequent re-hospitalizations, increase hospital costs and premature deaths among those affected. The aim of study is to describe the knowledge and attitude on the use of international guidelines for managing HF among nurses at the Uganda Heart Institute. Methods: The study employed descriptive cross-Sectional study design of quantitative approach of data collection. The research was conducted on 72 nurses who have worked for more than six months in Uganda heart institute. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions that assessed knowledge and attitude of nurses on the use of international guidelines. The study questionnaire was conducted on the month of June 2023 to July 2023. Results: A total of 72 nurses participated in this study. Average age was 36.7 years with minimum age 27 and maximum age 58 years. 67% of the respondents were below 40 years. Overall, 46.9% of the respondents had good knowledge about management of heart failure using international guidelines. Among the 72 respondents 48(66.7%) had positive attitude towards heart failure management (M = 3.8, SD= 3.3), male had nearly equal attitude compared to female (70.0% vs. 68.7%), participants who had an experience of more than 20 years had a better attitude compared to all categories of experience. Discussions and conclusion: participants had a good knowledge compared to the results from other studies. The knowledge was associated with knowledge years of experience and some forms of specialization. The results showed good attitude which was similar to other studies. Increasing awareness on the use of international guidelines might further improve knowledge.
Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use Among Women of Reproductive Age in Uganda: Between 2001–2016
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-09-05) Joyce Ahumuza
Embarking on a comprehensive exploration of modern contraceptive use in Uganda from 2001 to 2016. This study employs extensive secondary data analysis to unravel the intricate dynamics influenced by socio-economic, demographic as well as other factors on the uptake of modern contraceptives. Amidst moderate changes observed in contraceptive practices over the years, the prevalence of users still falls below expectations set by the Ministry of Health and other institutions in the country. Notably, shifting trends in the initiation of sexual activity among women aged 15-49years are unveiled, peaking at 7.6% in 2001 and gradually declining to 6.3% in 2016. Wealth indices indicate a noteworthy decrease in poverty rates over the same period, possibly linked to government-led poverty reduction initiatives. Educational strides are evident, with 6.8% of women achieving higher education in 2016, reflecting the government's commitment to enhancing access. The dominance of rural residence, reported at 85.3% in 2006, mirrors Uganda's primarily rural population, while fluctuations in working status hint at persistent socio-economic challenges and prevalent informal sector employment. Media exposure dynamics exhibit diverse rates, with 58.9% of women exposed to contraceptive information through radios in 2016. Over time, increased exposure to family planning messages, peaking in 2016 across all platforms, contrasts with comparatively lower exposure via TV and newspapers. The study further unveils nuanced patterns in contraceptive use, spotlighting injections as the most prevalent method from 2001 to 2016. These comprehensive insights contribute to a holistic comprehension of Uganda's reproductive health landscape, paving the way for a detailed discussion of the contextual factors shaping modern contraceptive decisions. Keywords: Modern Contraceptive Use, Reproductive Health landscape
Determinants of Modern Family Planning Methods Utilisation Among South Sudanese Refugee Women Aged 15–49 Years in Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-05-23) Estella John Kasiano Kitale
Introduction: This study explored factors that influenced uptake of modern contraceptives among the group of South Sudanese refugee women of childbearing age in Kiryandongo Refugee settlement. Methodology: An analytical cross sectional mixed study was carried out amidst 312 women of childbearing age by administering structured questionnaire from Kobo collect tool to them. Key informants were interviewed for the qualitative arm. Data collection was conducted from July to August 2023; STATA software version 14 was used for analysis and thematic content analysis. Results: The study revealed that 22.1percent of the South Sudanese women of childbearing age used contraceptives methods. Tribe, monthly income of the respondents with [P-value, 0.001)], and [P-value (0.003)] respectively were found to be individual factors related to usage. Availability of the services [P-value (0.035) <0.05)], women who discuss with partners about modern FP [P-value (0.005) <0.05)], self-decision making for the FP method used [P-value (0.023) <0.05)], comfortability with the FP service delivery environment [P-value (0.002) <0.05)] were the respondent and health facility determinants associated with current uptake of the modern contraception method. Conclusions: our findings show a low uptake of modern contraceptive methods amongst South Sudanese women of childbearing age as compared to the current contraceptive use in Uganda which is 38% (UDHS, 2022). Recommendations: There is need to improve the outreaches within the settlement to give more information about the usefulness of FP also and provide FP services. Implement Counselling for refugees within the camp to encourage good decision making on uptake.
Effect of an Education Intervention Based on Utilization of an Individualized Rapid Assessment Tool on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Healthcare workers Regarding Medical Waste Management: A Quasi-Experimental Study at Selected Health Center III’s in Mukono District.
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-04-30) Irene Nakamatte
Background/Purpose: At least 5 million people including nurses, doctors, and laboratory workers are diagnosed with hepatitis and human immune virus, the vast majority of these occurring in low-income countries. The spread of these infections to healthcare workers can be prevented through proper medical waste management such as segregation of medical waste and disposal in color-coded bins. This study determined the effect of an education intervention based on the utilization of an Individualized Rapid Assessment Tool (IRAT) on the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers regarding medical waste management at selected Health Center III’s in Mukono district. The study was guided by the Health Belief Model. Methodology: A quasi experimental study design with quantitative items was used. A total of 36 healthcare workers participated in the study; these were selected by consecutive sampling approach. Results: Utilizing the IRAT significantly improved the healthcare workers’ knowledge (t= 8.40, P=.001), attitude (t (20) = 7.422, P=.001) and practice (t (5) = 7.9, P=.001) of medical waste management. Conclusions: An education intervention based on utilization of IRAT is highly effective in improving the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers regarding medical waste management. Recommendations: Health facility leaders should organize regular trainings using the IRAT aiming at improving healthcare workers knowledge, attitude and practice. Key terms: Individualized rapid assessment tool, healthcare workers, knowledge of medical waste management, attitude on medical waste management, practice of medical waste management.
Effect of an Educational Intervention Using a Checklist on Knowledge, Attitude and Self-efficacy of Nurses Engaging in the Process of Disclosure among Children with Perinatal HIV at a District Hospital in Southwestern Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-04-18) Dianah Kanyesigye
Background/Purpose: HIV disclosure to children who are infected is very crucial in order to maintain their own health and prevent HIV transmission. There are a number of difficulties that nurses have when it comes to the disclosure process, such as when and how best to support caregivers informing children about their HIV status. The study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention using a checklist on the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of nurses’ engaging in the process of disclosure among children with perinatal HIV at a district hospital in Southwestern Uganda. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework: Bandura’s Self-efficacy Theory was used. The theory is based on four fundamentals which include actual performance of a behavior, vicarious experience, verbal encouragement and emotional states. Method: A quantitative quasi-experimental, pre and post-interventional study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on nurses’ self-efficacy at a district hospital in Southwestern Uganda. Using consecutive sampling, 20 nurses (n=20) working in HIV care managing children and adolescents with perinatal HIV participated by completing a self-administered questionnaire. The intervention included an educational session followed by individual coaching by the researcher. IBM SPSS Statistic (version 24) was used for analysis. Paired T-test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used to compare knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of nurses before versus after the educational intervention. Results: There was a significant improvement in nurses’ knowledge, attitude and confidence towards pediatric HIV disclosure in children after the educational intervention and coaching using the disclosure checklist for the ongoing disclosure support process. Findings showed that nurses knew when to start disclosure, the information to share at a specific age and how to support the disclosure process using the disclosure checklist. Before the intervention the mean percent for nurses’ knowledge was 50 and after the intervention it improved to 67. The statistical significance achieved the P-value of 0.001. 95% Cl: 50 ± 8.410 before intervention and 95% Cl: 67 ± 5.702 after intervention. The mean for attitudes before the intervention was 2.51 and after the intervention it improved to 2.89. The Wilcoxon signed rank test result of achieved the P-value of 0.002. 95% Cl: 2.51 ± 0.140 before intervention and 95% Cl: 2.89 ± 0.184 after intervention. Self-efficacy means score before the intervention was 2.55 and after the educational intervention it increased to 2.93. The Wilcoxon signed rank test result of achieved the P-value of 0.002. 95% Cl: 2.55 ± 0.136 before intervention and after 95% Cl: 2.93 ± 0.149. Conclusion: The study revealed that using a checklist is an important approach to ensure nurses develop a positive attitude, confidence and knowledge of the key aspects to include in the disclosure discussion. Disclosure is a critical component of the care and support that children living with HIV should receive from nurses and using a disclosure checklist is useful during the process. Recommendations: Based on the study findings, it is recommended that nurses need to utilize the disclosure checklist to support caregivers informing children living with HIV of their own status. The importance of nurses’ proactive role in disclosure to children of their HIV status needs to be emphasized. Key Terms: Children, perinatal HIV, disclosure of pediatric HIV status, nurses’ knowledge about pediatric HIV disclosure and nurse’ self-efficacy on pediatric HIV disclosure.
Effect of an Orientation Activity on the Perception and Attitude on First Year Direct Bachelors Nursing Students towards the Nursing Profession, A Study Done in Four Universities in Central Uganda.
(Uganda Christian University, 2023-09-15) AISA NAKAWUNDE
Background and Objective: The roles that nurses play in health care are numerous but not well known to the public nor to the students who join nursing. The students instead join with various misperceptions of the profession and they have limited awareness of the different opportunities in nursing. Without any intervention to correct the misperceptions, the students’ attitude towards their chosen nursing course remains questionable and this can affect their performance in school and the quality of nurses they make after school. Orientation programs have been proven to clear misperceptions and promote a positive attitude towards nursing, but their effect has not been studied in Uganda. The purpose of this study was therefore, to determine how an orientation activity affects the perception and attitude of first year nursing students towards the Nursing profession. Method: It was a descriptive quantitative study with a pre-post interventional design (quasi experimental). It was carried out in four universities in central Uganda and 64 students participated. Pre-test data was collected, followed by a one-hour orientation presentation about nursing professionalism, roles and specialties among others in each institution. Then, Post- data was collected two weeks later using self-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed using stata version 16, and descriptive statistics included: mean, standard deviation, and frequencies. The relationship between variables was examined using a paired T-test with a P value of < 0.05 to measure significance. Results: Students had favorable perceptions in some aspects before the presentation, for example like; the need of knowledge and skills to practice(M=2.1, SD=.9), professional autonomy(M=2.1, SD=.9), gender(M=2.1, SD=.9), nurses’ contribution to research(M=2.1, SD=.9), etc. However, their ideas about nursing were found to be limited and unfavorable in some other aspects before the presentation for example on: nurses pay (M=2.1, SD=.9), marriage (M=2.8, SD=.9), advanced roles (M=2.9, SD= .8), males make good nurses (M=3, SD=.9). Following the presentation, students became more aware of the roles and opportunities in nursing like professionalism, advanced roles, marriage and specialties. Therefore, the presentation had a significant effect on the students perception as shown by the paired T-test (Pr(|T| > |t|)= 0.033 & Pr(T > t)= 0.016 > 0.05) at 5% level. Although some aspects of attitude obtained favorable mean scores, students had an unfavorable score on their comfort in attending to the hygiene needs of others (M=2.7, SD: .9) and this was one of the lowest mean scores before and after the presentation. There was little but no change in their attitude except increment in their intention to remain in nursing following the presentation. Conclusion: These findings reveal that students have some favorable perception of nursing at the beginning of the course. However, their ideas are limited and unfavorable in some other aspects of nursing. Also, unfavorable attitude towards nursing was noted before and after the presentation in very important profession aspects. An orientation activity can improve students’ perceptions and attitude towards nursing, but more effort is needed to change the students’ attitude towards caring for the hygiene needs of others. Educators should pick interest in knowing the students’ perception at the beginning of their course and create intentional positive professional experiences to correct any misperception and influence students’ attitude towards nursing.
Effect of Clinical Coaching on the Health Workers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Towards the Use of the Patient Health Questionnare-9 Tool in HIV Care at Atiak HCIV in Amuru District, Northern Uganda
(2024-04-10) Douglas Tonny Otim
Abstract Background: Worldwide depression is a concern, especially in people living with HIV. In low- and middle-income countries, its identification continues to be difficult in lower-level healthcare facilities. Specific assessment tools for depression such as Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9) are accessible tools that can be implemented to support and improve detection in clinical settings. Health workers in lower-level facilities are not trained to use the PHQ-9 tool, and yet they are in a better position to screen and improve depression detection. Addressing healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices using a clinical coaching strategy can increase the efficacy of the PHQ-9 tool. This study aimed to analyze the effect of clinical coaching on the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health workers towards the use of the PHQ-9 assessment tool in an HCIV in Northern Uganda. Method: A one-group pretest-posttest cross-sectional study that employed consecutive sampling was used among 34 health workers. A 5-hour clinical coaching interventions were implemented, and a structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-interventions. Descriptive statistics and the significance of the observed difference were assessed with SPSS version 22. Result: There was a significant difference before (M=70.8, SD=3.3) and after (M=90.6, SD=2.6) the coaching intervention on knowledge, t(33) =11.4, p= <0.001, a significant improvement in the scores for before (M= 3.32, SD=0.42) and after (M=3.58, SD=0.31) clinical coaching intervention in attitude; t(9) = -4.77, p = 0.001, and a significant improvement in the optimal practice scores from the baseline (58.8%) and after clinical coaching intervention (85.3%), p = 0.023. Conclusion: Generally there was a noticeable improvement in the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health workers regarding the use of the PHQ-9 tool after clinical coaching intervention. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practices, clinical coaching, PHQ-9, and depression screening.
Effect of Implementing Chemotherapy Administration SOPs on Nurse’s Knowledge and Attitude at Uganda Cancer Institute
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-05-08) Misk Kemigisha
Background/Purpose: The worldwide increase in cancer cases has led to an escalated use of chemotherapy treatment. Administering chemotherapy is a complex and high-risk process that requires a multidisciplinary approach and a high level of competency. At the study unit, nurses lack specialized training in oncology and typically learn on the job, with no structured training or monitoring of the use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for chemotherapy administration (CA). Therefore, their competency in administering chemotherapy was currently unknown. This study aimed at assessing the impact of implementing chemotherapy administration SOPs on nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards safe chemotherapy administration. Methods: A single group pretest-posttest quasi experimental design was conducted to assess the effectiveness of implementing chemotherapy administration standard operating procedures (SOPs) on nurses' knowledge and attitude. A semi-structured questionnaire containing demographic data and questions about nurse's knowledge and attitude of chemotherapy administration SOPs was used at pre and posttest implementation. Participants were chosen by convenience. Knowledge questions were scored as one for correct answers and zero for incorrect ones, while attitude questions were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The results indicated that most participants understood the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in handling of antineoplastic drugs (ANPDs) (98.6%) and the adverse effects of ANPDs exposure (94.4%). Although 80.6% of participants observed safety precautions, 48.6% did not. Most participants did not engage in conversations with patients before chemotherapy administration to assess their understanding. While reasonable steps were taken to minimize hazardous exposure, 43.1% of participants mentioned work overload. The participants' attitude toward paying attention to precautionary measures did not change significantly after training, with time constraints being cited as a reason for the lack of attitude change. Recommendation: The study recommended that the Uganda Cancer Institute and the Ministry of Health should develop institutionalized chemotherapy administration guidelines and support the implementation of educational training programs for nurses. It also suggested the establishment of an orientation program for newly employed nurses and in-service refresher courses for staff in chemotherapy administration safety. Additionally, the study recommended further research to assess nurses' chemotherapy administration practices.
Effect of the Educational Intervention on the Attitude and Practice of Finalist Student Nurses Towards the Care of the Hospitalised Elderly in Uganda
(2024-04-09) Margaret A. Wandabwa
Background to the study: Ugandan hospitals like most countries worldwide have a challenge with caring for elderly patients yet elderly population is increasing. Most of the patients admitted to hospitals are the elderly, (65 years and above) and majority are admitted with chronic conditions and are at high risk for functional decline (Brauwer, Corrette, Boland, Verschuren, & Hoore, 2017). Seventeen percent of those admitted while independently mobile end up either requiring assistance to walk on discharge or with detrimental effects of hospitalization (Inderpal, 2016). Many of these patients are discharged with activities of daily living function worse than the baseline function indicating lack of attendance to activities of daily living (Edemekong, Bomgaars, Sukumaran, & Levy, 2020). Nurses are reported to have negative attitude towards care of the elderly and therefore not correctly providing care to this category of patients. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the effect of the educational intervention on the attitude and practice of the finalist student nurses towards care of the hospitalised elderly in Uganda and compared their attitude and practice towards the care of the elderly with the basic information. Methodology A quansi experimental design, using pretest and posttest single group method was used to determine the attitude and practice of the finalist student nurses towards care of the elderly in relation to activities of daily living. A sample size of seventy participants was selected through simple random sampling. The intervention involved training the finalist student nurses in the use of the Katz tool for assessing activities of daily living. Quantitative data was collected using self-administered questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed in SPSS package Version 26.0 at both descriptive and inferential levels. Results All the selected participants participated. They had some information on the care of the elderly 42 (60%) and most of them received it from the clinical area. All had ever nursed elderly patients. The attitude towards care of the elderly in relation to activities of daily living improved from negative to positive for most participants. They were positive that it was vital to correctly assess the patient’s ADLS to determine the functional status and identify areas for intervention. They appreciated the Katz tool as a useful tool for the assessment. After the intervention there was a significant change in the attitude towards the care of the elderly from 2.37 to 5.11 with p <0.001. They strongly agreed that nurses must have positive attitude to be able to provide correct care to these patients. They appreciated the Katz tool as a useful tool for assessing the pts ADLS. Conclusions and recommendations The study results revealed that care of the elderly is a very important area of nursing care and that it requires positive attitude and skills for quality of care. The participants had some information on the care of the elderly which most of them acquired from the clinical area. They realised the importance of positive attitude towards care of the elderly and that negative attitude affects care provision and patient recovery. The study recommends that nurse leaders and policymakers address care of the elderly as a specialty and to formalize training of nurses in the care of the elderly. They should advocate training of care providers emphasizing on positive attitude for them to be able to provide quality care to elderly. They should device effective ways of providing quality care like developing tools that can guide care providers to identify areas of care.
EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON UPTAKE OF ANTENATAL CARE SERVICES BY PREGNANT MOTHERS IN BUKEDEA HEALTH CENTER IV, BUKEDEA DISTRICT
(UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-06-10) NAMUTEBI ZUENA ASHLIEGH
The study aimed at assessing the effect of the Covid -19 pandemic and underlying factors affecting uptake of ANC services by pregnant women at Bukedea Health Center IV, Bukedea District. Study objectives included: to examine the influence of Covid -19 on uptake of ANC services among pregnant mothers during the Covid -19 pandemic; to assess the influence of government initiatives on uptake of ANC services among pregnant mothers during the Covid -19 pandemic; and to examine the perceived quality of health care on uptake of ANC services among pregnant women during the Covid -19 pandemic. A cross-sectional analytical research design was employed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample comprised of 120 pregnant women accessing ANC, ten (10) ANC health practitioners at Bukedea Health Center IV and six (6) district health stakeholders (comprising 1District Health Officer, 1Chief Administrative Officer, 1Chairperson LC V, 2District Health Inspectors and 1RDC). Simple random selection of the pregnant women and purposive sampling of the rest of the respondents (listed above) were carried out. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through the SPSS and thematic content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Study findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between Covid-19 pandemic and uptake of ANC services among pregnant women in Bukedea Health Centre IV ((Adjusted R square =0.6851). This implies that during Covid-19 pandemic, fear of contracting Covid-19; travel restrictions; the increased transport prices; and closure of ANC clinic limited pregnant women uptake to ANC services to the health facility. The findings also revealed that there was a significant relationship between government initiatives and uptake of ANC services among pregnant mothers during the Covid -19 pandemic in Bukedea Health Centre IV (Adjusted R squared =.203). This implies that ensuring adherence to government initiatives would lead to improvement in uptake of ANC services among pregnant mothers during the Covid -19 pandemic in Bukedea Health Centre IV. In other words, the existing institutional and legal framework, political will, government budget allocation, donor funding and stakeholder collaboration has an influence on uptake of ANC services among pregnant mothers. The findings further revealed that there is a significant relationship between perceived quality of health care and uptake of ANC services among pregnant mothers during the Covid -19 pandemic in Bukedea Health Centre IV (Adjusted R square = .464). This implies that in perceived quality of health care, attitude of health workers, time spent or long queues, the structure of the health facility, existence of women departments at the health facilities and payment for health care provided in health facilities influence pregnant women uptake of ANC services in health facility. Basing on the above findings, it is concluded that there is significant relationship between the Covid -19 pandemic, its underlying factors, and the uptake of ANC services by pregnant women at Bukedea Health Center IV. The study recommended that the government of Uganda to allow ANC outreach services so as to reach to the pregnant women who cannot access health facility during Covid-19 pandemic. More funding by the government and other development partners should focus on enhance outreach ANC services. The government to recruit more health workers, provide free mosquito nets and provide home-based health c
Effects of Introducing World Health Organization Safe Childbirth Checklist on Midwives’ Knowledge and Selected Essential Childbirth Practices. A case study of a Health Centre IV in Eastern Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-06) Esther Ahimbisibwe
There is a global concern about improving critical delivery procedures to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates. Evidence in Uganda shows that there is high prevalence of maternal and newborn death largely due to inadequate perinatal and postnatal care. This study examined the effects of introducing WHO SCC on midwives’ knowledge and practices of selected essential birth practices in Uganda. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework: The Lewin's Change Management Theory was used to enable the successful introduction of a different way of doing things from what the midwives were previously doing. The midwives embraced the teaching, coaching, mentorship and introduction of WHO SCC which later led to improved level of knowledge and practice of WHO SCC elements. Methodology: This study adopted quantitative quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study design. Before intervention, a questionnaire was administered to collect data from study participants and data audit tool was used to collect data on practice from 121 files. After the introduction of an educational intervention which involved teaching, coaching and mentorship, data was again collected using the same data collection tools used at pre- intervention. Results: The study showed that the introduction of WHO SCC had statistically significant effect on midwives’ knowledge and practices regarding the self-reported data. There was also a statistically significant change in practice as measured by the audit tools. Conclusion: The study finding demonstrated the significance of WHO SCC intervention on midwives’ knowledge and practice. Midwives play an important role in providing care for expectant mothers before giving birth and to the mothers and their baby immediately after giving birth. Undertaking midwives’ responsibilities requires that they should be soundly knowledgeable, skillful and experienced in practicing their profession. Recommendations: Midwifes’ leadership should ensure that WHO-SCC is introduced and used more regularly and broadly in hospitals across the country. Key Terms: WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist, Essential Birth Practices, Midwives, Knowledge and Practices.

Browse

Browsing Faculty of Public Health, Nursing and Midwifery by Title