Academic publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11951/16

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Estimating the Impact of Maternal Health Services on Maternal Mortality in Uganda
(2004-03-01) Lori Bollinger; Robert Basaza; Chris Mugarura; John Ross; Koki Agarwal
The Government of Uganda recognizes that its population is its most valuable asset and is an integral component of the development process. The development goals are therefore geared towards the improvement of the quality of life of its population. Indeed, improving the quality of life is one of the four pillars of the Poverty Eradication Plan of the Government of Uganda. High fertility, maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, however, hamper the attainment of these goals. Currently in Uganda, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is recorded at 505:100,000 live births, the infant mortality rate (IMR) is 88:1,000 live births, the total fertility rate (TFR) is 6.9 births, and the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) is 23%. The major cases of maternal morbidity and mortality are preventable. One of the major strategies for reducing infant and maternal mortality and fertility is ensuring access to quality integrated Reproductive Health services, (Five Year Health Sector Strategic Plan 2000- 2005 and UDHS 2000/2001). Because of its commitment to addressing these issues, the Ministry of Health for Uganda requested an application of the Safe Motherhood model. Collaboration was established with the Population Secretariat, of the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development. Technical and financial assistance were sought from the Futures Group/USAID in execution of this undertaking.
A Socio-History of the Media and Participation in Uganda
(Routledge, 2007) Chibita, Monica; Fourie, Peter, J.
This article is based on research done for a doctoral thesis titled Indigenous language programming and citizen participation in Ugandan broadcasting: An exploratory study (Chibita, 2006). The purpose of the thesis was to investigate and show the importance of first-language media for the participation of citizens in democratic processes. The thesis covered a wide range of topics including linguistic perspectives on language and participation, the history, structure and operation of the media in Uganda, the regulatory environment for linguistic diversity in Uganda's broadcast media, debates about indigenous language broadcasting in Uganda, and policy recommenda tions. In this article, the emphasis is on one of the topics dealt with in the thesis, namely key political, economic and cultural factors in Uganda's history and how these factors, including the right to the use of indigenous languages, have had an important impact on citizens' capacity to participate in public debate through the media (especially broadcasting). It is argued that the opportunities for Ugandans to participate in their governance through critiquing and making an input in government policy have been limited by a number of factors. These include bad colonial and postcolonial policies on the media and language, poverty, low levels of education, and lack of basic access to the means of participation. They have also been limited by governments which have proscribed freedom of expression and association by varying means and to different degrees since the early twentieth century.
Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Cyanogenic Glucoside and Dry Matter Content in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Roots
(Wiley Online Lirary, 2007) Balyejusa Kizito, Elizabeth; Rönnberg-Wästljung, Ann-Christin; Egwang, Thomas; Gullberg, Urban; Fregene, Martin; Westerbergh, Anna
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a starchy root crop grown in the tropics mainly by small-scale farmers even though agro-industrial processing is rapidly increasing. For this processing market improved varieties with high dry matter root content (DMC) is required. Potentially toxic cyanogenic glucosides are synthesized in the leaves and translocated to the roots. Selection for varieties with low cyanogenic glucoside potential (CNP) and high DMC is among the principal objectives in cassava breeding programs. However, these traits are highly influenced by the environmental conditions and the genetic control of these traits is not well understood. An S1 population derived from a cross between two bred cassava varieties (MCOL 1684 and Rayong 1) that differ in CNP and DMC was used to study the heritability and genetic basis of these traits. A broad-sense heritability of 0.43 and 0.42 was found for CNP and DMC, respectively. The moderate heritabilities for DMC and CNP indicate that the phenotypic variation of these traits is explained by a genetic component. We found two quantitative trait loci (QTL) on two different linkage groups controlling CNP and six QTL on four different linkage groups controlling DMC. One QTL for CNP and one QTL for DMC mapped near each other, suggesting pleiotrophy and/or linkage of QTL. The two QTL for CNP showed additive effects while the six QTL for DMC showed additive effect, dominance or overdominance. This study is a first step towards developing molecular marker tools for efficient breeding of CNP and DMC in cassava.
Community Health Insurance in Uganda: Why Does Enrolment Remain Low? A View From Beneath
(Elsevier, 2008) Robert Basaza; Bart Criel; Patrick Van der Stuyft
Community Health Insurance (CHI) in Uganda faces low enrolment despite interest by the Ugandan health sector to have CHI as an elaborate health sector financing mechanism. User fees have been abolished in all government facilities and CHI in Uganda is limited to the private not for profit sub-sector, mainly church-related rural hospitals. In this study, the reasons for the low enrolment are investigated in two different models of CHI. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were carried out with members and non-members of CHI schemes in order to acquire more insight and understanding in people’s perception of CHI, in their reasons for joining and not joining and in the possibilities they see to increase enrolment. This study, which is unprecedented in East Africa, clearly points to a mixed understanding on the basic principles of CHI and on the routine functioning of the schemes. The lack of good information is mentioned by many. Problems in ability to pay the premium, poor quality of health care, the rigid design in terms of enrolment requirements and problems of trust are other important reasons for people not to join. Our findings are grossly in line with the results of similar studies conducted in West Africa even if a number of context-specific issues have been identified. The study provides relevant elements for the design of a national policy on CHI in Uganda and other sub-Saharan countries.
The Politics of Broadcasting, Language Policy and Democracy in Uganda
(Intellect Ltd, 2009) Chibita, Monica
This article examines the interweaving between socio-political history, broadcast policy and regulation, and political participation. Although the article primarily discusses the Ugandan situation, it draws conclusions that could be helpful in examining similar situations in Africa and in other parts of the world. The research was conducted in Uganda in three phases over three years (2003–2006) and additional research was conducted between 2007 and 2008.1 The first phase of the research constituted a socio-historical analysis of Uganda’s media and politics. The second phase focused on the language debate in Uganda and the final phase sought to interpret the Ugandan language debate in light of the findings from the socio-historical analysis. The article is conceived within a critical media studies framework and the methodology is inspired by J.B. Thompson’s (1990) depth hermeneutics. The study employed qualitative interviews and an analysis of media, communication and education policy documents and other archival sources to elicit information at various levels on indigenous language broadcasting policy in Uganda. Placing the debate on indigenous language policy in historical context made it possible to critically examine the relationship between language policy and political participation in Uganda. The article concludes that effective future policy and regulation must strike a balance between the priorities of government, media proprietors and audiences. It must also take cognizance of current commercial realities, while being sensitive to the socio-historical factors that determine attitudes towards the use of specific languages in the media.
What are the emerging features of community health insurance schemes in East Africa?
(Dove Press, 2009-06-16) Robert Basaza; George Pariyo; Bart Criel
Background: The three East African countries of Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya are characterized by high poverty levels, population growth rates, prevalence of HIV/AIDS, under-funding of the health sector, poor access to quality health care, and small health insurance coverage. Tanzania and Kenya have user-fees whereas Uganda abolished user-fees in public-owned health units. Objective: To provide comparative description of community health insurance (CHI) schemes in three East African countries of Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya and thereafter provide a basis for future policy research for development of CHI schemes. Methods: An analytical grid of 10 distinctive items pertaining to the nature of CHI schemes was developed so as to have a uniform lens of comparing country situations of CHI. Results and conclusions: The majority of the schemes have been in existence for a relatively short time of less than 10 years and their number remains small. There is need for further research to identify what is the mix and weight of factors that cause people to refrain from joining schemes. Specific issues that could also be addressed in subsequent studies are whether the current schemes provide financial protection, increase access to quality of care and impact on the equity of health services financing and delivery. On the basis of this knowledge, rational policy decisions can be taken. The governments thereafter could consider an option of playing more roles in advocacy, paying for the poorest, and developing an enabling policy and legal framework.
Financial Risks Associated With Healthcare Consumption in Jinja, Uganda
(African Health Sciences, 2009-10) M Ruhweza; SO Baine; V Onama; V Basaza; G Pariyo
Introduction: Financial access to promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative healthcare by every one remains a challenge globally. The requirement to make direct payments at the time of consuming health services is one of the reasons why it persists. In this paper, we present findings on the financial risks households bear as a result of healthcare consumption in one district in Uganda. Methodology: Using simple random sampling, we selected 384 household heads in 3 health sub districts. A structured questionnaire was to conduct the survey. Focus group discussions and Key Informant interviews were also conducted. Results: Up to 77% (297/384) of households reported making direct payments for healthcare when a household member fell ill, 45% (174/384) did so each time a household member fell ill. Payment for healthcare was associated with employment of the household head in the informal sector (OR 1.6, 95% 1.2-2.1), presence of children OR 1.5, 95% 1.3-1.9 or someone with chronic illness OR 3, 95% 1.5-6 respectively and history of hospitalization (OR 3, 95% 1.7-6.5). Conclusion: A high burden of healthcare needs, disproportionately affect children and women among households in Jinja. Direct payments for healthcare still occur in spite of the abolishment of user fees at public health facilities and tax based financing of health services in Uganda.
Dance of the Intellect
(Fountain Publishers, 2010) Alice Jossy Kyobutungi Tumwesigye
Fireplace Folktales from Ankole
(Bishop Stuart University Press, 2010) Alice Jossy Kyobutungi Tumwesigye
The folktale is an oral literary genre that can be described as "an ancient short story." It is set in an antique world where trees, animals, and people all talk and understand one another. The olden world of the folktale is very strange, and it is filled with weird and wonderful happenings. It was a form of informal education that took place in the days before the introduction of formal education. In those days, young children would gather around the fireplace and listen to the elders, who would narrate folktales and fables, taking their audiences through riddling sessions, all aimed at inculcating morals in the minds of the youths. The folktales in this book are primarily meant for enjoyment and for the moral uplifting of young children. Teachers of language and literature can also use them for aural comprehension and as a stepping stone to the introduction of literature at the lower secondary school level, and of course scholars of literature, and oral literature in particular, can utilize these folktales in their analyses of the narrative form of the genre. The book is a manifestation of the author's effort towards cultural preservation. Fireplace folktales from Ankole were collected, transcribed, and translated by the author. The transcriber tried as much as possible to retain the original form; that is why the reader will hear a version of English that is more localized than globalized. This is done in order to enhance the originality of the genre. Remember the fireplace tales you may once have heard and aim to tell them to your own children.
Community Health Insurance Amidst Abolition of User Fees in Uganda: The View From Policy Makers and Health Service Managers
(BioMed Central, 2010-02-04) Robert K Basaza; Bart Criel; Patrick Van der Stuyft
Background: This paper investigates knowledge of Community Health Insurance (CHI) and the perception of its relevance by key policy makers and health service managers in Uganda. Community Health Insurance schemes currently operate in the private-not-for-profit sector, in settings where church-based facilities function. They operate in a wider policy environment where user fees in the public sector have been abolished. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted during the second half of 2007 with District Health Officers (DHOs) and senior staff of the Ministry of Health (MOH). The qualitative data collected were analyzed using the framework method, facilitated by EZ-Text software. Results: There is poor knowledge and understanding of CHI activities by staff of the MOH headquarters and DHOs. However, a comparison of responses reveals a relatively high level of awareness of CHI principles among DHOs compared to that of MOH staff. All the DHOs in the districts with schemes had a good understanding of CHI principles compared to DHOs in districts without schemes. Out-of-pocket expenditure remains an important feature of health care financing in Uganda despite blanket abolition of user fees in government facilities. Conclusion: CHI is perceived as a relevant policy option and potential source of funds for health care. It is also considered a means of raising the quality of health care in both public and private health units. To assess whether it is also feasible to introduce CHI in the public sector, there is an urgent need to investigate the willingness and readiness of stakeholders, in particular high level political authorities, to follow this new path. The current ambiguity and contradictions in the health financing policy of the Uganda MOH need to be addressed and clarified.
Understanding Client Satisfaction With a Health Insurance Scheme in Nigeria: Factors and Enrollees Experiences
(Health Research Policy and Systems, 2011) Shafiu Mohammed; Mohammad N Sambo; Hengjin Dong
Background: Health insurance schemes have been widely introduced during this last decade in many African countries, which have strived for improvements in health service provision and the promotion of health care utilization. Client satisfaction with health service provision during the implementation of health insurance schemes has often been neglected since numerous activities take place concurrently. The satisfaction of enrollees and its influencing factors have been providing evidence which have assisted in policy and decision making. Our objective is to determine the enrollee’s satisfaction with health service provision under a health insurance scheme and the factors which influence the satisfaction. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional survey took place between May and September 2008. Two hundred and eighty (280) enrollees insured for more than one year in Zaria-Nigeria were recruited using two stage sampling. Enrollee’s satisfaction was categorized into more satisfied and less satisfied based on positive responses obtained. Satisfaction, general knowledge and awareness of contribution were each aggregated and assessed as composite measure. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors that influenced the satisfaction of enrollees. Results: A high satisfaction rate with the health insurance scheme was observed (42.1%). Marital status (p < .05), general knowledge (p < .001) and awareness of contributions (p < .05) positively influenced clients’ satisfaction. Length of employment, salary income, hospital visits and duration of enrolment slightly influenced satisfaction. Conclusions: This study highlighted the potential effects of general health insurance knowledge and awareness of contributions by end-users (beneficiaries) of such new program on client satisfaction which have significant importance. The findings provided evidence which have assisted the amendment and re-prioritization of the medium term strategic plan of operations for the scheme. Future planning efforts could consider the client satisfaction and the factors which influenced it regularly
Community Health Insurance in Uganda: Status, Obstacles and Prospects
(Afrika focus, 2011-05-19) Robert Basaza; Patrick Van der Stuyft; Bart Criel
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of CHI, both in general and in Uganda specifically. The general objective is to investigate the obstacles and prospects for CHI schemes in Uganda. The specific objectives are: (1) to study demand and supply side factors to explain the low levels of enrolment in existing CHI schemes; (2) to investigate the perceptions of CHI held by those enrolled and those not enrolled in the schemes; (3) to determine knowledge, understanding and perceptions of the relevance of CHI among policy-makers and health service managers; and (4) to formulate evidencebased policy recommendations for the Ugandan health sector_We set the stage for this research by using secondary data sources to embark on a review of the context of CHI schemes in sub-Saharan Africa. Results indicate that the coverage rates of the target population remain low. Other findings suggest that there are five dimensions that seem to be relevant within the framework of the development of CHI: political, economic, social, technical and managerial contexts. We acknowledged the need for more contextualised analyses of both successful and less successful schemes to enhance our collective understanding of why CHI works in certain circumstances and why it fails in others. Therefore, we set out to investigate in detail the emerging features of CHI schemes in East Africa. Schemes from three East African countries (Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania) were examined using a grid to analytically tabulate their features. The key descriptive findings are as follows: (1) the schemes' coverage within their catchment areas was small; (2) the schemes had been in existence for only a short time; (3) they were established with donor support; and (4) they provided both inpatient and outpatient benefits. The findings of this study underscore the role of the government in the promotion of CHI. This is especially true for advocacy, as the government must pay the premiums for the poorest citizens and develop an enabling policy and legal framework. We also concluded that there is a need for primary data to understand the mix of factors involved in CHI schemes.
Linking Markets to Smallholder Agro-forestry Farmers As a Strategy for Poverty Alleviation in the Tropics
(Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2012-03-20) Twaha Ali Basamba; Barnabas Kiiza; Clement Mayanja; Bob Nakileza; Frank Matsiko; Paul Nyende; Elizabeth Bacwayo Kukunda
The objective of the study was to assess factors affecting market participation of agro-forestry smallholder farmers in Uganda. Primary data on household, farm and marketing characteristics were collected from 153 farming households using a semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. The determinants of market participation were assessed using the Probit model. Descriptive statistics showed that a combination of crop, livestock and tree products were marketed by farmers. The main products included maize, cassava and coffee (crops); firewood and poles (tree products); and birds and goats (livestock products). Results from the Probit model showed that farm size, household size, education level, access to credit and extension visits had positive and statistically significant effects on market participation of farmers in agro-forestry products’ markets. Age of farmer had a negative and statistically significant effect on the participation. Emphasis on improving the quality and coverage of extension services, extending credit facilities to farmers and intensifying agro-forestry training among farmers are suggested as avenues to enhance participation of farmers in agro-forestry products’ markets.
Players and Processes Behind the National Health Insurance Scheme: A Case Study of Uganda
(BMC Health Services Research, 2013) Robert K Basaza; Thomas S O’Connell; Ivana Chapčáková
Background: Uganda is the last East African country to adopt a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). To lessen the inequitable burden of healthcare spending, health financing reform has focused on the establishment of national health insurance. The objective of this research is to depict how stakeholders and their power and interests have shaped the process of agenda setting and policy formulation for Uganda’s proposed NHIS. The study provides a contextual analysis of the development of NHIS policy within the context of national policies and processes. Methods: The methodology is a single case study of agenda setting and policy formulation related to the proposed NHIS in Uganda. It involves an analysis of the real-life context, the content of proposals, the process, and a retrospective stakeholder analysis in terms of policy development. Data collection comprised a literature review of published documents, technical reports, policy briefs, and memos obtained from Uganda’s Ministry of Health and other unpublished sources. Formal discussions were held with ministry staff involved in the design of the scheme and some members of the task force to obtain clarification, verify events, and gain additional information. Results: The process of developing the NHIS has been an incremental one, characterised by small-scale, gradual changes and repeated adjustments through various stakeholder engagements during the three phases of development: from 1995 to 1999; 2000 to 2005; and 2006 to 2011. Despite political will in the government, progress with the NHIS has been slow, and it has yet to be implemented. Stakeholders, notably the private sector, played an important role in influencing the pace of the development process and the currently proposed design of the scheme. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of stakeholder analysis in major health reforms. Early use of stakeholder analysis combined with an ongoing review and revision of NHIS policy proposals during stakeholder discussions would be an effective strategy for avoiding potential pitfalls and obstacles in policy implementation. Given the private sector’s influence on negotiations over health insurance design in Uganda, this paper also reviews the experience of two countries with similar stakeholder dynamics.
Africa Communicating: Digital Technologies, Repersentation and Power
(Nokoko Institution of African Studies, 2013) Alzouma, Gado; Chibita, Monica; Tettety, Wisdom; Thompson, Allan
NREN Network Security: A case study of Uganda Christian University ICT Infrastructure
(2013) Matsiko, Perez; Kiden, Sarah
The long wait for high speed access to the Internet is finally coming to an end. National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) are being connected to the rest of the world through high speed fiber optic cables. This paper focuses on NREN security with Uganda Christian University (UCU) as a case study. It discusses how regional and national reseach and education networks will signifiantly lower bandwidth costs for the member institutions. It goes ahead to discuss the initial UCU ICT infrastructure, security practices and implementation, and then suggest recommendations based on lessons learnt and experiences.
Players and Processes Behind the National Health Insurance Scheme: A Case Study of Uganda
(BioMed Central, 2013-09-22) Robert K Basaza; Thomas S O’Connell; Ivana Chapčáková
Background: Uganda is the last East African country to adopt a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). To lessen the inequitable burden of healthcare spending, health financing reform has focused on the establishment of national health insurance. The objective of this research is to depict how stakeholders and their power and interests have shaped the process of agenda setting and policy formulation for Uganda’s proposed NHIS. The study provides a contextual analysis of the development of NHIS policy within the context of national policies and processes. Methods: The methodology is a single case study of agenda setting and policy formulation related to the proposed NHIS in Uganda. It involves an analysis of the real-life context, the content of proposals, the process, and a retrospective stakeholder analysis in terms of policy development. Data collection comprised a literature review of published documents, technical reports, policy briefs, and memos obtained from Uganda’s Ministry of Health and other unpublished sources. Formal discussions were held with ministry staff involved in the design of the scheme and some members of the task force to obtain clarification, verify events, and gain additional information. Results: The process of developing the NHIS has been an incremental one, characterized by small-scale, gradual changes and repeated adjustments through various stakeholder engagements during the three phases of development: from 1995 to 1999; 2000 to 2005; and 2006 to 2011. Despite political will in the government, progress with the NHIS has been slow, and it has yet to be implemented. Stakeholders, notably the private sector, played an important role in influencing the pace of the development process and the currently proposed design of the scheme. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of stakeholder analysis in major health reforms. Early use of stakeholder analysis combined with an ongoing review and revision of NHIS policy proposals during stakeholder discussions would be an effective strategy for avoiding potential pitfalls and obstacles in policy implementation. Given the private sector’s influence on negotiations over health insurance design in Uganda, this paper also reviews the experience of two countries with similar stakeholder dynamics.
Online HIV Prevention Information How Black Female College Students Are Seeking and Perceiving
(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014) Fay Cobb Payton; Lynette Kvasny; James Kiwanuka-Tondo
Purpose – Two research questions are addressed: what are black female college students’ perceptions of current messages present on web sites about HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention?; and what messages do black female college students find culturally relevant to them, and why? Results indicate that these women perceive several communication barriers including lack of trust and unfamiliarity with information sources, stigma ascribed to HIV, as well as misconceptions and traditional values held by some in the black community and health institutions. HIV prevention messages are perceived as relevant if they exhibit qualities including interactive features. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To understand black collegiate women as health information seekers, it is important to engage paradigms that allow researchers to make sense of how group members construct their content needs, what helps shape this construction, and the meaning derived from the consumption of the information, focus groups are an effective qualitative method for enabling collective discussion and interaction between research participants that facilitates the exploration of under-researched topics like HIV prevention as well as the language commonly used by respondents to describe HIV from a socio-cultural perspective. The research team conducted three focus groups to appraise current black female college students’ attitudes and perceptions of messages presented on HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness web sites. Findings – HIV prevention messages are perceived as relevant if they exhibit qualities including interactive features, practical advice using non-technical vocabulary, content authored and disseminated by familiar and trustworthy individuals and institutions, and risk related to individual behaviors rather than the demographic group. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research on the design of health information systems are provided. Research limitations/implications – This research is based on a small sample size based on one region of the USA. Practical implications – Health communication materials should also provide strategies for dispelling myths, and combating feelings of stigma, and mistrust. In addition, practical advice such as questions to ask physicians may help to produce positive and desirable outcomes as black women seek services from the healthcare system. The message itself must take into account a number of factors include short and simple messages, clean web pages, navigation structures that make information easy to find, comprehensive information all found in a single web site, and interactive features to facilitate discussion and sharing. In particular, with social media, women can also play a role in the creation and dissemination of health messages in multiple modalities including text, spoken word, still and moving images, and music. Social implications – “A major component of preventive health practice is the availability and provision of information regarding risks to health and promotional measures for enhancing the health status among this population” (Gollop, 1997, p. 142). However, as Dervin (2005) cautions, while information is necessary, it is insufficient to encourage behavior change. To combat the health disparities that differentially impact African-American women requires expertize and understanding from multiple perspectives. By providing insight into how black collegiate women perceive HIV prevention information needs, the women in the focus groups lend a necessary voice in the effort toward healthy equity through the creation of effective health interventions that will appeal to them. Originality/value – The author seeks to create an online and socially connected experience characteristic of ongoing user input and active engagement in content development which targets the population. From a human-computer interaction viewpoint, the authors are seeking to avoid design divorced from context and meaning. In developing such an experience, the authors will need to triangulate the roles of culture, context, and design to reduce the content divide, yet amplify the notion of participatory web. Participatory web embodies a social justice movement to build web content from voices typically dampened in the discourse. It (re)shapes meaning, identity, and ecologies in the process of foci on particular social, health, and political causes (e.g. HIV/AIDS). Giving black women ownership over the creation of health information on the internet may improve the ability to provide targeted HIV prevention content that is culturally salient and more effective in reducing HIV infections in this community.
A National Framework for Sustainability of Health Knowledge Translation Initiatives in Uganda
(Uganda Country Node of the Regional East African Community Health Policy Initiative, 2014-05-26) Robert Basaza; Alison Annet Kinengyere; Nelson Sewankambo
This report is intended to inform the deliberations of those engaged in developing policies on sustainability of health knowledge translation initiatives policies as well as other stakeholders with an interest in such policy decisions. It summarizes the best available evidence regarding the design and implementation of policies on how to advance sustainability of health knowledge translation initiatives policies in Uganda’s [mainstream] health system. The purpose of the report is not to prescribe or proscribe specific options or implementation strategies. Instead, the report allows stakeholders to consider the available evidence about the likely impacts of the different options systematically and transparently.
Factors Associated With Alcohol Dependence Among Adult Male Clients in Butabika Hospital, Uganda
(Routledge, 2014-08-21) Winfred Naamara; Wilson Winston Muhwezi
Alcohol dependence is among the leading causes of psychiatric morbidity the world over, and it is estimated that there are more than 63 million males with alcohol-dependence-related disorders (World Health Organization, 2004). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), alcohol dependence is known to be related to risky sexual behaviors and depressive disorders in males (Institute of Medicine, 2010; Pitso & Obot, 2011). In Uganda, a country of more than 32 million people, alcohol dependence is among the main causes of psychiatric morbidity (Ministry of Health in Uganda, 2005). Historically, alcoholic beverages such as beer have often been used to bind different Ugandan cultures together and during celebrations of important events such as marriages (Wolf, Busza, Bufumbo, & Witworth, 2006). Uganda not only lacks a clear national alcohol policy, but has weak and poorly enforced laws, thereby providing a fertile ground foran increase in the availability and accessibility of alcohol (Uganda Youth Development Link, 2008). Many households are involved in informal alcohol production for income purposes, resulting in alcohol being easily available at the household level (Holmila, Makela, & Osterberg, 2011).

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