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Cash Management and Financial Performance of Business Firms in Northern Uganda a Case of Lira District
(The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 2019-07-04) Eton, Marus; Uwonda, Gilbert; Mwosi, Fabian; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Obote, Dennis
The study sought to establish the effect of cash management on the financial performance of business entities in Lira district. A cross-sectional study design was adopted and data was collected by use of structured and closed-ended questionnaires. Business owners who took part in the study confirmed high abilities in managing cash receivable, holding inventories, and properly generating sufficient cash for meeting immediate obligations. However, the study found that the aforementioned practices were not sustainable with time due to incompetence in forecasting receipts and payments. This led to the conclusion that cash management has an insignificant effect on financial performance. The study recommended that Business associations like the Uganda Chamber of Commerce, and Uganda Manufacturers Association, in addition to the Ministry of Trade and Commerce should consider providing training on cash management to existing and upcoming entrepreneurs to support them in developing cash management and other necessary business skills. There is also a need for business owners to consider hiring business experts who can use different statistical models to forecast business performance.
Co-operative and Saving Societies (SACCOS) and Poverty Reduction in Lango and Kigezi Sub-Regions of Uganda
(African Journal of Business Management, 2020-08-14) Eton, Marus; Basheka, Benon C.; Mwosi, Fabian
The paper examines the contributions of cooperative and saving societies in poverty reduction in the Lango and Kigezi sub-region. The study adopted a comparative and cross-sectional survey design where bivariate and multivariate data analyses were used to analyze the data. Specifically, correlation and regression analysis were done to determine the relationship between financial contribution by savings and credit co-operative (SACCOS), saving culture, and poverty reduction. The findings established that low-income households had inadequate access to cheap and affordable credit. In the two regions, the available credits offered by SACCOS were not cheap per se and the SACCOS offered credit at 10% per month, which translated into 120% per annum. The study reveals that microcredits create long-term indebtedness among the rural poor, and yet households are not competent in managing their finances. The saving culture in the Kigezi sub-region is associated with political motivations and support from politicians. In contrast, in the Lango sub-region, saving culture is associated with response to government programs that were aimed at reconstructing northern Uganda after the two decades of insurgency. The provision of more financial services would contribute to poverty reduction and training of households on the utilization of financial credit.
Co-operative and Saving Societies (SACCOS) and Poverty Reduction in Lango and Kigezi sub-regions of Uganda: A comparative Empirical Study
(African Journal of Business Management, 2020-08-14) Eton, Marus; Basheka, Benon C.; Mwosi, Fabian
The paper examines the contributions of co-operative and saving societies in poverty reduction in Lango and Kigezi sub-region. The study adopted a comparative and cross-sectional survey design where bivariate and multivariate data analyses were used to analyze the data. Specifically, correlation and regression analysis were done to determine the relationship between financial contribution by savings and credit co-operative (SACCOS), saving culture and poverty reduction. The findings established that low-income households had inadequate access to cheap and affordable credit. In the two regions, the available credits offered by SACCOS were not cheap per say and the SACCOS offered credit at 10% per month, which translated into 120% per annum. The study reveals that microcredits create long-term indebtedness among the rural poor, and yet households are not competent in managing their finances. The saving culture in Kigezi sub-region is associated with political motivations and support from politicians. In contrast, in Lango sub-region, saving culture is associated with response to government programs that were aimed at reconstructing northern Uganda after the two decades of insurgency. The provision of more financial services would contribute to poverty reduction and training of households on the utilization of financial credit.
Community Management and Sustainability of Gravity Water Flow Scheme in Uganda, A Case of Rubanda District
(International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2020-07) Otika, David; Mwosi, Fabian; Eton, Marus; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Barigye, Godfrey
The study investigated community management and sustainability of the gravity water flow scheme in Rubanda district, Uganda. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey and descriptive research design. A descriptive research design was helpful in establishing how community management is essential in ensuring the sustainability of the gravity water flow schemes in Rubanda. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in collecting and analyzing data, which was collected in a snapshot interaction between the researcher and field respondents. The study applied a convenient sampling technique to select water users and water committee members. The study established that Community management appeared very insignificant in contributing to the sustainability of gravity flow schemes. Efforts to incorporate gender in sustainability have yielded almost nothing. The government does not have adequate staffing to provide repairs and maintenance of rural water, the communities are able to mobilize funds for repairs and maintenance of water facilities but are not good at attracting external funding. The study recommends that Government, through its water and sanitation department at the district level should consider employing technical staff in water management to provide standby services to rural water communities. Community leaders should consider the involvement of women in water management, as they are the most important users of water facilities. The government, NGOs, and private sector should train communities in fundraising, and proposal writing so as to attract external funding for supporting the sustainability of water facilities.
Corporate Governance and Firm’s Financial Performance Amongst Private Business Enterprises in Uganda, a Perspective from Lira City
(African Journal of Business Management, 2021-08-27) Marus, Eton; Mwosi, Fabian; Sunday, Arthur; Poro, Sammy Godfrey
The study examined the effect of corporate governance on firm’s financial performance amongst private business enterprises in Uganda. The study used descriptive and survey design. A mixed method approach which involved both qualitative and quantitative techniques were also used. The study found out that corporate governance significantly influences the financial performance of hotels and manufacturing firms in Lira City and majority of the firms investigated performed on average financially. It was also established that firms whose boards demonstrate high integrity were likely to register positive changes in their financial performance than firms whose boards do not. The study also noted that board independence would propel the firm to grow to greater heights. The study recommends that hotel and manufacturing firm owners should exercise some discipline and leave boards to operate independently. This would allow the board to remain focused on the long-term goals of the firm. The hotel and manufacturing firm owners should be cautious in selecting board members lest they attract many that would increase the firm’s liabilities.
Financial Accessibility and Poverty Reduction in Northern Uganda, Lango Sub-Region
(International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2019-04) Eton, Marus; Odubuker, Picho Epiphany; Ejang, Mary; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Mwosi, Fabian
Access to a well-functioning financial system can economically and socially empower individuals and in particular poor people, allowing them to better integrate into the economy of their countries and to actively contribute to their development and protect themselves against economic shocks. The paper examined the contributions of financial accessibility in supporting poverty reduction in northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was adopted. The data was collected by use of structured and closed-ended questionnaires. The findings revealed that financial institutions had not done much to reach the poor, which limits their production capacity and capacity to acquire productive assets. While there are isolated pockets of poverty reduction as expressed by participants’ ability to own personal assets and easily manage their dependency burdens, a few individuals have access to better health facilities. The strides to promote financial accessibility are highly commendable, though poverty remains problematic even among those who have access to financial resources. The paper, therefore, recommends that financial institutions should endeavor to offer financial management training to clients before extending credit to them, especially clients with some noticeable levels of illiteracy. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of the current poverty reduction models and their impact on the very poor, in terms of production capacity, owning productive assets, and living meaningful lives.
Financial Accountability Mechanisms in Local Governments in Uganda: a case of Kabale District Local Government
(Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 2021-04-20) Arinaitwe, Perpetua; Eton, Marus; Agaba, Moses; Turyehebwa, Abanis; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Mwosi, Fabian
The purpose of the study is to present financial accountability mechanisms in local governments, with reference to Kabale district local government. A cross-sectional research design, which used both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect and analyze data, was adopted. Both simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 117 respondents from 174 subjects. Questionnaires and personal interviews were used to collect data from respondents. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze quantitative data, while direct quotes from interviews conducted among key informants formed the basis for qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was aided by software for document analysis (SPSS V 20.0). The study found out that service delivery was the most commonly used financial accountability mechanism, followed by financial reporting, expenditure control and budget. The paper therefore, concluded that service delivery is the most used mechanism of financial accountability, though the district’s local budget seemed unclear on reflecting the priorities of the local people. This paper suggests that the local government should ensure that the district’s budget demonstrates community preference; salaries and wages should be paid in accordance with the district’s approved budget; expenditures on development should always be as per the approved budget, and the mode of financial reporting, particularly on liabilities should be standardized.
Financial Inclusion and Access to Higher Education
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2020) Eton, Marus; Poro, Godfrey Sammy; Sekiwu, Denis; Mwosi, Fabian; Akena, Adyanga Francis
Access to higher education has continuously been a challenge in Uganda. The research brought out the relationship between financial inclusion and access to higher education. A descriptive survey research design was adopted and the findings established that digital financing eases making deposits in banks, transacting via mobile money, and switching from one bank to the other. Students find it easy to deposit tuition in the bank just as they find it easy to access money via mobile money. While financial inclusion makes financial services available in the economy, students, especially those from low-income families find difficulty accessing a wider range of these products, which hinders their access to higher education. The study also establishes that a good number of students fail to meet admission requirements. Since students from low-income families attend high schools of low quality, they have insufficient understanding of some subjects, and thus unable to join higher education. Online registration and payment, students’ decision not to join, peer influence, and rigidity of university programs; is deeply flawed to limit accessing higher education. However, financial services remain accessible to rich individuals who demonstrate the ability to pay. The study recommends that the government of Uganda through the concerned ministry should review the implementation of their policies on Student loan schemes and district quota systems. The government should always publish the lists of students admitted to higher education institutions in popular media and newspapers to create awareness of those being admitted to particular institutions.
Financial Inclusion and the Growth of Small Medium Enterprises in Uganda: Empirical Evidence from Selected Districts in Lango sub-region
(Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2021-10-23) Marus, Eton; Mwosi, Fabian; Okello-Obura, Constant; Turyehebwa, Abanis; Uwonda, Gilbert
The growth and failure of small and medium enterprises has been a topic of discussions world over among policymakers and researchers. This study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the contributions of small medium enterprises (SMEs), to determine the challenges affecting small medium enterprises, to examine how financial inclusiveness supports the growth of small medium enterprises, and to establish the relationship between financial inclusion and growth of small medium enterprises. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Descriptive design was used and supplemented by inferential statistics. Correlation and regression analysis were adopted. The study revealed that financial inclusion is significant in supporting SME growth. The study further also revealed that the cost of acquiring and servicing financial services is high; there is also difficulty in using some of the financial services, and the way financial providers treat financial users, some lacked some degree of respect and dignity. The study recommends that financial providers should continue sensitizing the public on the available financial services beyond credit services, which are common and known. Digital financial service providers should encourage their clientele to use digitalized financial services which are cheap, secure, and risk averse. The cost of capital should also be reduced to encourage borrowing while SMEs should innovatively produce goods that can be competitive at both domestic and international markets.
Financial Inclusion: Is it a Precursor to Agricultural Commercialization amongst Smallholder Farmers in Uganda? A comparative Analysis between Lango and Buganda Sub-regions
(Journal of Economics and International Finance, 2020-11-17) Marus, Eton; Mwosi, Fabian; Ejang, Mary; Poro, Sammy Godfrey
This study examines the contributions of financial inclusion in supporting agricultural commercialization amongst smallholder farmers in Uganda in Lango and Buganda sub-regions. The researcher adopted a comparative study and cross-sectional survey design where descriptive, bivariate and multivariate data analysis was used. Chi square procedure was run to test the hypothesis that financial inclusion does not affect agricultural commercialization amongst smallholder farmers in Lango and Buganda sub-regions. Regression analysis was specifically used to predict the level of change in agricultural commercialization due to changes in financial inclusion. The study identified financial inclusion as one variable that can predict the success of agricultural commercialization, though it varies from one region to another. In Lango, efforts by government to increase financial access is a positive factor to agricultural commercialization while in Buganda, it is a negative factor. In Lango, land is communal and not individually owned. Therefore, smallholder farmers need to access finances to purchase land for commercial farming. In Buganda, however, land is freehold, which makes smallholder farmers to own chunks of land from their parents. The study has established some common factors that limit agricultural commercialization in both Lango and Buganda, that is, expensive equipment and fluctuating prices while poor infrastructure is no longer a big worry. This paper recommends that, financial service providers should revise their lending terms downwards to reach smallholder farmers, some of whom lack collateral security to pledge for credit. While the government takes credit for improving infrastructure, government, through her policy organs like ministry of agriculture, should provide buffer prices against price fluctuations.
Group Processes
(The Academic Journal of St Clements Education Group, 2018-10) Oyat, Christopher; Maghanga, Mshilla; Mwosi, Fabian
Rendering much consideration to group tasks and problems without appropriate attention to processes may lessen or even destroy the value of the best workgroup ever known. The failure of accounting officers to handle workgroup dynamics is the source of employee resentment, student strikes, community repulsion, redeployment, and transfer of some staff to and from these institutions, which were reported in the institutions investigated. The study examined processes affecting workgroups in selected public post-primary education institutions in Nebbi District, Uganda. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, in which both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to collect and analyze data on respondents’ feelings, attitudes, and perceptions about workgroups. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 215 participants from a target population of 486 employees. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using percentages, frequencies, and statistical means. Software for data analysis (SPSS 15.0) was used to establish which processes affect workgroups. The findings indicate that leadership (mean = 4.15) is by far the most influential group process in determining effective workgroups over communication (mean = 3.68) and decision-making (mean = 3.15). The study concluded that leadership in effective organizations ensures tasks are performed morally, set goals are attained, workers’ commitment is maintained, and communication with workers is direct. The study recommended to heads of the institution adopt a leadership style that matches personality to the right set of responsibilities. In addition, heads of institutions should provide a management function that maximizes the potential benefits of each personality while maximizing areas where these personalities might conflict.
Information and Communication Technology Adoption and the Growth of Small Medium Enterprises in Uganda
(International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2019-12-16) Eton, Marus; Okello-Obura, Constant; Mwosi, Fabian; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Ejang, Mary; Ongia, Francis
The study used a cross-sectional study design and data were collected from business owners operating within the divisions of Kampala Capital City Authority. The study found that the level of ICT adoption in Kampala Capital City Authority was moderate. ICT adoption was mostly marked by the establishment of separate IT departments, and the use of bulk SMS, printers, scanners, and photocopiers. Specialized ICT skills, regular updates, and outsourcing of ICT functions appeared to be key challenges businesses face in ICT adoption. The findings, however, indicated that the growth of SMEs is a conglomeration, of which the adoption of ICT is a microcosm. The study recommends that the Government of Uganda through the Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation and Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development should consider promoting ICT business growth by sponsoring business software development and distributing the same at subsidized costs. Training institutions should strengthen the ICT training programs by aligning them to the required job demands as dictated in the field of business. Government should also promote the application and adoption of ICT e-business by slashing the exorbitant taxes charged on the use of these products. Government should stimulate entrepreneurship development training to curb the shortfalls in staff competence, individual job creation, and profitability skills.
Information and Communication Technology Adoption and the Growth of Small Medium Enterprises in Uganda: Empirical Evidence from Kampala City Council Authority
(International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2019-09-19) Eton, Marus; Okello-Obura, Constant; Mwosi, Fabian; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Ejang, Mary; Ongia, Francis
The study used cross sectional study design and data were collected from business owners operating within the divisions of Kampala Capital City Authority. The study found out that the level of ICT adoption in Kampala Capital City Authority was moderate. ICT adoption was mostly marked with establishment of separate IT department, use of bulk SMS, printers, scanners and photocopiers. Specialized ICT skills, regular updates and outsourcing of ICT functions appeared to be a key challenge business face in ICT adoption. The findings however, indicated that growth of SMEs is a conglomeration, of which adoption of ICT is a microcosm. The study recommends that Government of Uganda through Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation and Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development should consider promoting ICT business growth by sponsoring business software development, and distributing the same at subsidized costs. Training institutions should strengthen the ICT training programs by aligning them to the required job demands as dictated in the field of business. Government should also promote the application and adoption of ICT e-business by slashing the exorbitant taxes charged on the use of these products. Government should stimulate entrepreneurship development training to curb the shortfalls in staff competence, individual job creation and profitability skills.
Internal Control Systems, Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Private Institutions in Uganda
(International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, 2020-03-03) Eton, Marus; Mwosi, Fabian; Kaaya, Siraji; Ogwel, Patrick Bernard; Ahabwe, Edward
This research adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive design. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from those operating businesses in Mbarara municipality. Data was analyzed using a multivariate analysis technique and presented descriptively using mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The study revealed that the businesses were weak at aligning their operations with set business procedures, guidelines, and national laws. The study also established that the current level of the internal control system is moderately effective. These are commendable practices, especially in small and medium enterprise businesses. The moderate relationship between internal control systems and working management confirms the likelihood that these businesses conduct regular financial audits and endeavor to maintain reliable financial records. The study recommended that there is a need for businesses to align their operations to national standards and also train their staff in internal control activities that ensure adherence to principles of accounting and financial records. Government has a role to play in protecting nationals against the consumption of goods and services that do not measure to national or international standards
Participatory Budgeting in Local Governments
(International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering, 2019-08) Eton, Marus; Arinaitwe, Perpetua; Mwosi, Fabian; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Sunday, Arthur; Turyamushanga, Labson
The study established the contribution of participatory budgeting in the Kabale district's local government. Using a cross-sectional research design, in which both quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted, the study investigated 117 units; which were randomly and purposively selected from 174 subjects. The study adopted self-administered questionnaires and interview guides to collect data. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze quantitative data while direct quotes from interviews supported qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was supported by software for document analysis (SPSS V 20.0). The study investigated the contribution of participatory budgeting from the viewpoints of information sharing, codes of conduct, facility for citizen complaints, and stakeholders’ consultation. The study found stakeholders’ consultation as the most important contribution of participatory budgeting. However, it was undermined by the absence of clear rules and procedures that govern budget consultative meetings. Since all the constructs used in measuring the contribution of participatory budgeting in Kabale were above average, it was concluded that participatory budgeting is practiced in the Kabale district local government and is generally important. In recommendation, the Kabale district local government should spell out the rules and procedures governing participatory budgeting in a statute or guideline. Secondly, the local government should consider holding several consultative meetings with various stakeholders to ensure the priorities of the common person are catered for in the budget estimates for any financial year. Lastly, the local government should consider allocating some funds to facilitate the operations of the office in charge of citizens’ complaints.
Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Environmental Management and Poverty Reduction in Western Uganda
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2019-06) Eton, Marus; Ayiga, Natal; Agaba, Moses; Mwosi, Fabian; Ogwel, Benard Patrick
The study aimed at assessing the role of SMEs and environment management in poverty reduction in Western Uganda. The study is a descriptive and correlation study design. The data was collected by use of structured and closed-ended questionnaires. The findings revealed a strong association between (SMES and environmental management) and poverty reduction (r =.644; sig. <.05). The study found that SMEs lack access to innovative technologies, which are essential in buttressing SME roles in poverty reduction. The study revealed that very few financial resources are directly channeled to SMEs amidst ever-increasing interest rates on loans. Government policies on SMEs are deficient in terms of technical, technological, financial, and managerial infrastructures needed for effective contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction. The study further suggests that SMEs can resolve problems of poverty and unemployment if they can access cheap capital. The study, therefore, recommends that government should prioritize the SME sector in budgets to enhance its contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction.

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