School of Social Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11951/31

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Politicization of Land Law and Gender Relations in Uganda: a Case Study
(Makerere University, 2011) Busingye, Godard
This article explores the impact of custom on the right of women to effectively participate in land decision-making processes in Uganda based on a case study of Ibanda Town Council (ITC). It makes an analysis of issues of access, ownership, control and usability of land by both women and men in order to come up with a clear understanding of how each of them is related to custom, which have been politicized. It can thus be asserted that if these issues had not been politicized, their impact on women would have been different. In order to arrive at such a conclusion, this article gives a historical perspective of land law and gender relations in ITC. The history of land law and gender relations in ITC can best be understood by examining the broader history of Ankole Kingdom, in which ITC lies because not much has been written about its history. On the other hand, a lot is known about Ankole Kingdom in broader terms. In order to capture the broader issues of the land question in Ankole Kingdom, however, the article adopts a broader perspective on law and gender relations in Uganda.
Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) As a Source Of Financing Agriculture. Challenges and Lessons Learnt
(Uganda Christian University, 2012) Arthur Nuwagaba
There is growing urge by farmers to form Savings Credit and Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) in Uganda and Mbarara District is no exception. There are over 100 registered SACCOs (District Commercial officer- Mbarara District). Majority of the members of these cooperative societies are farmers who have savings and in most cases do not have collateral to stake in commercial banks and other financial institutions to access Loans. The paper seeks to discuss the contribution of SACCOs as a source of financing agriculture, challenges faced by the SACCOs, lessons learnt and the way forward. This is an empirical study that will be based on what is on ground. It will use some empirical data and will rely mostly on primary data other than secondary data. Agriculture is a back bone of Uganda’s Economy. Almost 70% of Uganda’s exports are agro-based (The New Vision) and the agriculture sector employs 73.3% of the active labour force compared to services which employ 22.5% and industry only 4.2%. There have been concerted efforts by government to improve agriculture and make the agriculture sector more attractive. The many strategies employed by government to make agriculture more attractive include, mechanization, improved seed distribution, farmers education and provision of soft loans. In a bid to finance agriculture, the government of Uganda has encouraged and promoted cooperative societies as an engine to accelerate the accessibility of loans from these cooperative societies which in this case are SACCOs. The aim of promoting these SACCOs is because in developing countries like Uganda, there are low levels of saving culture owing to poor underdeveloped stock markets, dominance of urban based commercial banks, Micro Deposit Taking Institutions (MDIs) and non regulated Micro finance institutions in the financial markets as vehicles for savings. Hence Savings and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) are intended to offer an alternative to improve the above un- desirable situation in low income countries especially helping members who in most cases are farmers. Savings and Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) are community membership-based financial institutions that are formed and owned by their members in promotion of their economic interests. These institutions mobilize and intermediate savings exclusively with in their membership under the co-operative statute 1991. Furthermore, they are one of the several types of cooperatives that are unique micro finance institutions categorized under tier four in the financial market and therefore not regulated by Bank of Uganda. Therefore, Savings and Credit Co-Operatives (SACCOs), one of the several types of co-operatives are unique, legal, member-based Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) and unlike many other Micro-Finance Institutions, SACCO owners are also the users of the service that the SACCOs offer.
Impact of HIV/AIDS on Households’ Food Production in Bushenyi District, Uganda
(International Journal of Social Science Tomorrow, 2012-07) Musinguzi, Benon
AIDS has had a devastating impact on Uganda and has significantly lowered life expectancy, reduced the country‟s labor force, reduced agricultural output and food security. Although much research has been done on the impact of HIV/AIDS in general, relatively little research has been conducted to establish how HIV/AIDS has affected food production at the household level. The objective of the study was to investigate the extent of the HIV/AIDS impact on households‟ food production in Bushenyi district in the context of their demographic and economic backgrounds. This was a cross-sectional study that used the quantitative research design. The study applied a multi-stage cluster sampling of the administrative units; and a complete coverage of the villages was randomly selected. Results show that age, level of education of the household heads, religion, and the form of income, had a great influence on the impact of HIV/AIDS on households‟ food production.
The Accreditation Process and Challenges of Private Religious Based Universities in Uganda
(International Journal of Pedagogical Innovations, 2013) Otto, Francis; Musinguzi, Benon
The quantitative growth in Ugandan higher education subsector has created many challenges including a drop in quality in education delivery. Today, there are 34 universities in Uganda (up from 26 in 2006) with over 185,000 students (up from 137,190), representing an overall growth rate of more than 15% in the last 5 years. Given this rapid expansion of higher education, some form of regulation is necessary to assure quality. Ugandan government established the National Council for Higher Education (NCHE) as a regulatory agency to set standards and regulations to ensure that all public and private tertiary education institutions in Uganda create, sustain and improve the relevance and quality of higher education for all qualified Ugandans and to meet the local, national and global higher education challenges of the 21st century. In addition to sustaining and improving the relevance and quality of higher education, these religious based universities have a special mission of evangelism and discipleship and view all admissions and appointments as opportunities for ministry and service. This however, may not go well with the peer assessors and the Accrediting Agencies. Currently there are more than six recognised faith based universities in Uganda. Out of the seven fully accredited universities in Uganda, five are faith based and only two are secular. There are different views about the philosophies of these faith-based universities. Some people seem to suggest that they pay more attention to evangelism and discipleship than in provision of higher education. While others view this type of institutions as a very good model to provide good morals and education that can transform the society in a positive way. At the same time, the regulatory framework in the country must provide for an all-inclusive environment for all to participate in higher education which may pose a big challenge to these faith based institutions. This article therefore, discusses the accreditation process in Uganda and challenges of private religious based Universities in Uganda in regards to accreditation.
The Global Fight Against Terrorism and the Application of International Humanitarian Law
(Uganda's paper series on International humanitarian law, 2013-08) Busingye, Godard
This is a global fight against terrorism and its application under international humanitarian law
Co-investment paradigms as alternatives to payments for tree-based ecosystem services in Africa
(2014-02) Namirembe, Sara; Leimona, Beria; Noordwijk, Meine van; Bernard, Florence; Bacwayo, Kukunda E.
Multiple paradigms have emerged within the broad payments for ecosystem services (ES) domain for internalizing externalities of local land-use change decisions. These range from reward of ready-made ES delivery (commoditised) to reward of processes of ES generation (co-investment). Evidence from tree-based projects in Africa suggests that currently, only carbon sequestration and emission reduction are ‘commoditised’, however in an artificial way where payments are not matched to ES delivery, but adjusted or supplemented with co-benefits. Co-investment in stewardship alongside rights is more widespread and versatile for a variety of ES. Efficiency concerns of co-investment schemes can be addressed when commoditised ES or profitable enterprises with positive ES externalities evolve from these.
Meanings and Understandings of Wellbeing: An Exploration of Somali Refugees’ Conceptions of Human Wellbeing
(2015) Balyejjusa, Moses Senkosi
Although there is a substantial body of literature on human wellbeing, there is no universally agreed-upon meaning and understanding of the concept. This article explores the meanings and understandings which Somali refugees in Kampala, Uganda attach to the concept. Drawing on 14 in-depth individual interviews and seven focus group discussions with 70 Somali refugee study participants in Kisenyi, I argue that wellbeing is mainly understood in terms of having access to objective elements that result in having a good or comfortable life. Objective elements can be seen to represent human needs with respect to Doyal and Gough’s theory of human need. These objective elements were discussed as prerequisites for having a good life. They include peace and security, health, education, employment and housing. Adequate access to these objective elements is perceived as fundamentally important in promoting and guaranteeing human wellbeing.
Educational inequality and quality of life: A comparative study of secondary schools in Central and Northern Uganda
(Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 2017) Naamara, Winfred; Nabasumba, Sylvia; Nabadda, Christine
Drawing on a comparative analysis from central and northern regions of Uganda, we identified the factors that are associated with educational inequality and quality of life in secondary schools in both regions. Our sample comprised of 358 students and 72 key informants, primary data were mainly collected through interviews and structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was done by identifyingcommon themes based on the objectives of the study, while quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Most of the factors that were identified applied to both regions as the central region has a significant number or people from other parts of the country including the northern region. However, some factors were more prevalent in the northern region. Among the factors that were found to bring about inequality in both regions included gender-based inequality, family economic status and policy related factors. Overall, the study concluded that the central region is better equipped to offer quality education due to availability of a better infrastructure and staff remuneration, however, efforts are being made to improve the quality of education in the northern region as well.
Adaptation and Coping among East African Immigrants in North America
(2017) Okahaabwa, Gooreka
Immigrants are faced with the challenge of adapting to a culture different from their own. Successful adaptation includes socio-cultural adaptation, psychological adjustment, and coping. This study investigated cross-cultural adaptation and coping among East African immigrants in North America. Participants in this study were 51 individuals of East African origin who were over 20 years of age, residing in North America and recruited through a snowballing procedure. Participants completed the Acculturation Index, Socio-Cultural Adaptation Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Ways of Coping Checklist (Revised), and a demographic questionnaire using Survey Monkey. Data analysis utilized SPSS. Independent samples-t- tests and Pearson product-moment correlations were conducted. Results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in socio-cultural adaptation by: acculturation, coping, and migration with family. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in psychological adjustment by acculturation and participation in a faith community. Results revealed a positive correlation between psychological adjustment and socio-cultural adaptation, and a statistically significant difference in socio-cultural adaptation by participation in faith community. Further research into adaptation and coping among East African immigrants is recommended
The Wellbeing of Somali Refugees in Kampala: Perceived Satisfaction of Their Human Needs
(Africa Journals Online, 2017) Balyejjusa, Moses Senkosi
Although there is substantial research on the psychological wellbeing of refugees in psychology, especially in acculturation research, there is very little research assessing refugees‘ objective conditions of living. This study aims to bridge this gap by assessing the perceived satisfaction of Somali refugees‘ objective elements in Kampala, Uganda. Drawing on qualitative data from 92 Somali refugee and Ugandan participants, the paper shows that the participants assessed the perceived satisfaction of Somali refugees‘ four objective wellbeing elements (peace and security, housing, education, and employment). These objective elements can be seen to represent human needs when analysed in relation to Doyal and Gough‘s (1991) theory of human need, particularly the intermediate needs. The study participants perceived most Somali refugees as having adequate satisfaction to these objective elements. In this paper, I argue that this is the case because of the non-discriminatory and accepting host environment, Somali refugees‘ financial resources and the culture of social support. These are instrumentally important in promoting Somali refugees‘ wellbeing since they guarantee adequate satisfaction of the human needs of Somali refugees.
Declining Maternal Mortality Ratio in Uganda: Priority Interventions to Achieve the Millennium Development Goal
(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2018) Ansong, David; Renwick, Chesworth Brittney; Okumu, Moses; Ansong, Eric; Wabwire, Cedrick Joseph
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the spatial patterns of gender inequality in junior high school enrollment and the educational resource investments associated with the spatial trends. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses data on 170 districts in Ghana and hot spot analysis based on the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, linear regression, and geographically weighted regression to assess spatial variability in gender parity in junior high school enrollment and its association with resource allocation. Findings – The results reveal rural-urban and north-south variability in gender parity. Results show that educational resources contribute to gender parity. At the national level, educational expenditure, and the number of classrooms, teachers, and available writing places have the strongest positive associations with girls’ enrollment. These relationships are spatially moderated, such that predominantly rural and Northern districts experience the most substantial benefits of educational investments. Practical implications – The findings show that strategic allocation of infrastructure, financial, and human resources through local governments holds promise for a more impactful and sustainable educational development of all children, regardless of gender. Besides seeking solutions that address the lack of resources at the national level, there is a need for locally tailored efforts to remove the barriers to equitable distribution of educational resources across gender and socioeconomic groups. Originality/value – This paper’s use of advanced spatial analysis techniques allows for in-depth examination of gender parity and investments in educational resources, and highlights the spatial nuances in how such investments predict gender disparities in junior high school enrollment. The findings speak to the need for targeted and localized efforts to address gender and geographical disparities in educational opportunities.
Service Recovery Efforts as Key to Passenger Loyalty in the Airline Industry: The Case of Rwanda Air
(SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2018-03) Arthur Nuwagaba; Polly Bangambaki Namaye; Frank Ahimbisibwe; Sarah Nabachwa; Lydia Kisekka Namateefu; Grace Flavia Lamuno
The study sought to understand how service recovery efforts influence passenger loyalty in the airline industry using the case of Rwanda Air. This study was motivated by the fact that service failure and service recovery have attracted considerable attention in the airline industry. The study was premised on the objective to establish whether the service recovery efforts by the airlines influence passenger loyalty. Using a closed ended- on line administered questionnaire, the respondents were asked to rate the different constructs of service recovery identified through literature review. These respondents were only corporate passengers got from the Rwanda air offices in Kampala and Kigali. The questionnaires were then downloaded and entered into SPSS for Analysis. The relationship between Service Recovery and passenger Loyalty were analysed based on four items as independent variables (Reliability, Responsiveness, assurance and Empathy). Results show that there is a statistical significant positive relationship between service recovery and passenger loyalty, F (4, 86) = 2.461, p< 0.05. R Square .061, this implies that 6.1% of variation in passenger Loyalty was explained by the independent variables included in the model.
Somali Refugees’ Wellbeing: The Role of Socio-Culturally Mediated Agency
(Africa Journals Online, 2019) Balyejjusa, Moses Senkosi
Although there is substantial research on refugees and their wellbeing, there is limited research that examines the role of refugees‘ agency in their lives. Using Doyal and Gough‘s (1991) theory of human need, the study analyses Somali refugees‘ wellbeing by examining the satisfaction of their human needs. Drawing on data from 70 Somali refugees in Kisenyi, Kampala, the study found that Somali refugees exercised their socio-culturally mediated agency to promote their wellbeing. The socio-culturally mediated agency was demonstrated in form of an individual‘s/family‘s ability to start and maintain small and medium-scale business enterprises and develop social networks with the host community, fellow Somalis within Uganda and abroad. Individuals/families that engaged in either or both of the agency actions were able to adequately meet their human needs, thus promoting their wellbeing because adequate satisfaction of human needs leads to human wellbeing.
Top Management Team Characteristics and Per formance o f Ug andan State Ag encies
(University of Nairobi, 2022-10-07) Arthur Nuwagaba; Vincent Machuki; Owino Joseph; Caren Angima
There has been variation in the performance of state agencies in Uganda, with some displaying excellent results in following their mandates, while others are performing dismally. Past research has exhibited that Top Management Team (TMT) characteristics affect the performance of organisations. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between TMT characteristics and the performance of Ugandan state agencies. The study was anchored on the upper echelons theory. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The target population of the study was the 201 state agencies in Uganda. The study adopted at least three members of the TMT depending on the number of TMT members of the 160 selected state agencies in Uganda to gather the required information. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire that was administered online. Inferential statistics employed regression analysis to test the hypothesis and draw conclusions. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between TMT characteristics and the performance of Ugandan State Agencies (Adjusted R2 = .241, F = 49.071, p<0.05. This study concluded that behavioural characteristics contributed more to the performance of agencies than psychological and demographic characteristics. The study recommends that the recruitment process of TMTs should include demographic, behavioural, and psychological characteristics as requirements. The management should focus on formulating their strategies of maintaining or hiring knowledgeable employees who have good experience and are in the age bracket of 40. Also, all state agencies in Uganda should think of policies on the capabilities of the individuals of the TMT. The study recommends a gender balance in Ugandan State Agencies to have gender inclusion in the government to have one-third gender representation.
Mediating Effect of Strategy Implementation on the Relationship Between TMT Characteristics and Performance of Ugandan State Agencies
(European Scientific Institute, 2022-11-30) Arthur Nuwagaba; Owino Joseph; Caren Angima; Vincent Machuki
This study aims to determine the mediating effect of strategy implementation on the relationship between TMT characteristics and the performance of Ugandan state agencies. The study was anchored on the theories of the upper echelon and dynamic capabilities. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The target population of the study was the 201 state agencies in Uganda. The study adopted at least three members of the TMT depending on the number of TMT members of the 160 selected state agencies in Uganda to gather the required information. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire that was administered online. Inferential statistics employed regression analysis to test the hypothesis and draw conclusions. Haye’s (2022) PROCESS 4 (model 4) was utilised to test the hypothesis of this study. Furthermore, strategy implementation partially mediates the relationship between TMT characteristics and performance (Indirect effect of strategy implementation, b=.385, p<0.05 and the direct effect, b = .267, p<0.05). From the findings of this study, the research concludes that strategy implementation has a significant partial European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 November 2022 edition Vol.18, No.34 www.eujournal.org 55 mediating effect on the relationship between TMT characteristics and the performance of Ugandan state agencies. In addition, the results imply that the specific mechanism by which the connection between TMT characteristics and the performance of Ugandan state agencies occurs is direct, strategy implementation contributes a part to the relationship. This study recommends that individuals that make the TMT should have significant expert capabilities that give relevance while formulating and executing strategies. The study also recommends that strategy implementation should have a framework that is not affected by politics and corruption. This study also recommends that state agencies in Uganda create a prize and acknowledgment framework for TMTs and personnel who succeed in strategy implementation so they can be persuaded. This is because it is through strategy implementation that the state agencies in Uganda can follow through on their directives and further improve service delivery. Rewards give a chance to the TMTs and staff to contend among themselves and this would bring quality, efficiency, proficiency, and adequacy in delivering services.
Moderating Effect of External Environment on the Relationship Between Tmt Characteristics and Performance of Ugandan State Agencies
(University of Nairobi, 2023-02-12) Arthur Nuwagaba; Caren Angima; Owino Joseph; Vincent Machuki
The main objective of this study was to examine if the external environment moderated the relationship between top management team (TMT) characteristics and the performance of Ugandan state agencies. The external environment was measured using the three dimensions of dynamism, complexity, and munificence. TMT characteristics were measured using the behavioural, demographic, and psychological characteristics of the TMTs. The study was anchored on the upper echelons, environmental dependency, and dynamic capabilities theories. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted. At least three TMT members of the 160 sampled state agencies out of the 201 state agencies in Uganda were selected. 152 agencies accounting for a 95% response rate responded and filled out the questionnaire. Primary data were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Hayes’ (2022) PROCESS Macro was used to test for moderating effect. The findings revealed that the external environment moderates the relationship between TMT characteristics and performance (Interaction term b=.857, t=3.773, p<0.05, ΔR2=.041, F=14.233). This study concludes that the external environment has a significant moderating effect on TMT characteristics and performance. This study recommends Ugandan state agencies to regularly assess and monitor the external environment to identify any changes that may impact the relationship between TMT characteristics and performance. In addition, state agencies should consider the specific TMT characteristics that are most important for driving performance in their particular operating context, and consider developing specific TMT characteristics to effectively navigate the external environment. This study also recommends policymakers consider the external environment when developing strategies to improve the performance of state agencies, evaluate the effectiveness of state agencies, and design and implement policies that affect state agencies.
The Relationship Between Loan Assessment and Financial Performance of SACCOs: Evidence From Uganda S
(Bishop stuart university, 2023-03-30) Arthur Nuwagaba; Baluku Watsema; Anthony Agume
The study set out to examine the relationship between loan assessment and financial performance of SACCOs in Mbarara Municipality. The study adopted a non-experimental cross-sectional research design. The study was both descriptive and analytical in nature with a quantitative approach of data collection and analysis. The study gathered quantitative data from 109 participants using questionnaires. Quantitative data gathered using questionnaires was coded and entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. The analysis was done and findings presented using descriptive statistics in form of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations. Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to ascertain the statistical significance between the independent and dependent variables. Findings from the study revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between loan assessment and financial performance of SACCOs (r=0.870**, p<0.000). The study concluded that loan assessment positively influences financial performance of SACCOs. The study recommends that SACCOs need to adopt well thought and efficient loan assessment strategies as means to improve their financial performance.
The Influence of Operational Managerial Competencies of Business Owners and Managers on Performance of Small-Scale Businesses in Sheema Municipality, Sheema District
(2023-12) Arthur Nuwagaba; Ndyanabo Crinard; Agume K. Anthony
This study assessed the influence of operational managerial competencies on performance of small-scale businesses with special emphasis on the experiences in Sheema Municipality. A cross-sectional design with a quantitative method was used to conduct the study on small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality. According to the 2021 Sheema Municipality Commercial Office records, the total number of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality is 2659, which constituted this study’s target population. This study’s sample size was obtained using Yamane (1967) formula, n = 2659/ (1 + (2659 * 0.052) = 347.80902551, which was approximately, 348 people and the study population included small-scale business owners, managers and resourceful people. The correlational research design was used to make inference about the population from drawing from the sample findings. The study employed stratified random sampling in which 309 respondents participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the data from small-scale businesses entities. The findings also revealed that for each additional increase in overall rigour of operational managerial competencies of business owners and managers, performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality was likely to get an average increase of 2.149 units in performance of small-scale businesses (β = 2.149, p = 0.000). It was concluded that business small-scale business attach importance to operational managerial competencies. The study results led to rejection of the null hypothesis of this study and alternative hypothesis stating that operational managerial competencies of business owners and managers significantly influence performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality was accepted.
Service Quality, Customer Loyalty and Customer Retention among Private Health Care Services in Mbarara City
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2024-01-19) Nuwagaba Arthur; Nayiga Harriet; Mabel Birungi Komunda; Tom Mugizi
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between service quality, customer loyalty, and customer retention within private healthcare facilities in Mbarara City. It specifically focused on how service quality affects customer retention and loyalty, and how loyalty in turn influences retention. A cross-sectional design was used, with data collection and analysis conducted quantitatively. The study encompassed 36 operational private healthcare centres, with their customers serving as the subjects of the investigation. The study distributed self-administered closed-ended questionnaires to the participants, and the data collected was later processed and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), version 21. To address the research objectives, Pearson correlation was utilized to examine the relationships between the variables under investigation, while Ordinary Least Square regression was employed to assess the model’s predictive capability. The study revealed a noteworthy positive relationship between service quality and customer loyalty, as well as a significant positive correlation between customer loyalty and customer retention. However, it was determined that the link between service quality and customer retention was not statistically significant. Therefore, there is a need for private healthcare management to focus on service quality to improve customer loyalty. This means that activities related to the reliability of the health staff, positive responsiveness of the doctors and other employees in the health centres, ensuring that the patients are assured of quality service and equipping the health facility with the right machines that can test and treat diseases, this will help in improving customer loyalty hence customer retention among private health care services in Mbarara City.

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