TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN WAKISO DISTRICT

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of Total Quality Management (TQM) practices on the performance of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in Wakiso District, Uganda. Despite the proven benefits of TQM in improving efficiency and competitiveness, its adoption among Ugandan SMEs remains low, with only 28% of firms having implemented formal TQM frameworks (UBOS, 2023). Focusing on three core practices process standardization, continuous improvement, and customer-focused approaches the research aims to understand their contribution to enhancing operational effectiveness and organizational performance. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was collected from a purposive sample of 50 SMEs using structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression, were conducted to assess the relationship between TQM practices and firm performance. Results reveal that process standardization significantly improves performance (β = 0.271, p = 0.001) by ensuring consistency in product quality and compliance with industry regulations. Continuous improvement emerged as the most influential predictor of performance (β = 0.392, p < 0.001), with SMEs engaging in structured problem-solving and employee training reporting enhanced productivity and cost efficiency. Similarly, adopting a customer-focused approach positively impacted performance (β = 0.312, p < 0.001), particularly through leveraging customer feedback and strengthening complaint-handling mechanisms. Based on these findings, the study concludes that systematic adoption of TQM practices can substantially enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of manufacturing SMEs in Wakiso District. It recommends that SMEs invest in structured quality management systems, employee capacity-building, and stronger customer relationship frameworks. Policymakers are encouraged to develop targeted support programs to accelerate TQM adoption among local enterprises. Future studies could employ longitudinal designs to capture the long-term effects of TQM implementation and examine sector-specific challenges. By fostering a culture of quality, SMEs in Wakiso District can achieve improved performance, customer satisfaction, and sustainable growth. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Process Standardization, Continuous Improvement, Customer Focus, SME Performance, Wakiso District.