Browsing by Author "Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven"

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    Bean-Based Nutrient-Enriched Puffed Snacks: Formulation Design, Functional Evaluation, and Optimisation
    (Food Science and Nutrition Journal, 2020-06-01) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Natabirwa, Hedwig; Nakimbugwe, Dorothy; Lunga'ho, Mercy; Muyomba, John H.
    School-age children frequently consume snacks. However, most of the snacks they consume are of low nutritional quality. The objective of this study was to develop a nutrient-rich and acceptable extruded bean-based snack, which could contribute to improve nutrient intake, especially for school-age children. Snack formulations developed from Roba1 beans, maize, orange-fleshed sweet potato, and amaranth mixtures and processed in a twin-screw extruder, were evaluated and optimised for nutritional, textural and sensory properties.
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    Cassava Biomaterial Innovations for Industry Applications
    (Cassava Biomaterial Innovations for Industry Applications, 2021) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Oliveira, Jorge C.; Namuwaya, Sheila; Sousa-Gallagher, Maria Jose
    Breakthrough innovations can spur growth in the modern era industry to realise sustainability and high returns on investments. Nowadays, biobased innovations for application in diverse industry sectors are considered as future pillars to counter resource depletion and ensure positive environmental impacts. Cassava is a strong flagship biomaterial promoting solution for resource-efficient use and a green environment. Innovative industrial application of cassava biomaterials enriches literature, presenting cassava as a versatile and unrivalled crop that is cardinal for more sustainable environment and biodegradable industrial products. Work on novel cassava biomaterials, which are low-cost, unexploited and with zero competition for food supply, are included. Using an integrated sustainable process, it shows how to indirectly reduce waste streams, through their effective use, guaranteeing zero carbon footprints and acting as a non-traditional strategy for equilibrium atmosphere and active packaging systems. Applications of Cassava biomaterial in food, as food supplements and in packaging systems are also covered in this chapter.
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    Effective Utilisation of Cassava Bio-Wastes Through Integrated Process Design: A Sustainable Approach to Indirect Waste Management
    (Process Safety and Environmental Protection Journals, 2016) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Morales-Oyervidesa, L; Oliveiraa, J.C.; Sousa-Gallagher, M.J.
    An integrated process design, which can be applied in small-to-medium batch processing,was proposed. The process is based on the exploitation of intact (whole) cassavaroot, through optimisation of simultaneous release recovery cyanogenesis downstreamprocessing for sustainable wastes minimisation and packaging material development.An integrative seven unit process model flow was considered in the process design mod-elling. Using the release process models, it was possible to predict the maximum yield(45.8%) and the minimum total cyanogens (0.6 ppm) and colour difference (4.0) needed toavoid wastes and unsafe biopolymer derivatives. The process design allowed saving on theenergy and water due to its ability to reuse wastewaters in the reactions and release pro-cesses. Drying rates, Scanning electron micrograph, Differential scanning calorimetry, Watervapour transmission rate and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy analyses havedemonstrated the practical advantage of laminar flow hood air systems over oven-dryingheat for integrated process design.Thus, the integrated process design could be used as a green tool in production of cassavaproducts with near zero environmental waste disposal.
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    Engineered Food Supplement Excipients From Bitter Cassava for Minimisation of Cassava Processing Waste in Environment
    (Future Foods Journal, 2020) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; O’Brien, E.; Oliveira, J.C.; Crean, A.; Sousa-Gallagher, Maria Jose
    Unchecked large-scale rudimentary upstream (sub-merged and solid state) fermentation processes of bitter cas- sava roots into alcohol have often contributed significantly to agricultural wastes into environment. Thus, the study explored a proven valorisation methodology, Simultaneous Release Recovery Cyanogenesis (SRRC) along with intact bitter cassava polysaccharide-rich derivatives (CWF), as an apt to find alternative materials for food supplement excipients. Triplicate CWF powder, peeled or intact bitter cassava roots, were produced and analysed to determine crit- ical properties suitable in tablet making. Exclusion approach, using SRRC and compaction, was performed to select desired powder properties for tablet formulation. Microcrystalline cellulose, with known properties for developing drug excipients, was used as a validation reference material. Tablets, for disintegration time and in- vitro dissolution rates studies were produced using wet-granulation, and their potential to release and bio-avail Iron-Zinc investigated in-vitro (pHs 1.2 and 6.8 solutions, 37 0 C). Morphology and Iron-Zinc dissolution-release mechanisms were examined. Kinetic models were used to describe matrix dissolution and Iron-Zinc release mech- anisms. Intact root powder compaction capacity, depicted by hardness, was 4.3, 4.4 and 4.6 KG at 200, 500 and 700 MPa respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed Iron-Zinc inclusion altered tablet morphol- ogy. Efficient matrix dissolution and Iron and Zinc release were achieved, showing apex recovery efficiency (98%, 30–45 min). Fitted models well-explained dissolution and release mechanisms (mean R 2 = 0.95), demonstrating adequacy. SRRC-improved intact bitter cassava was confirmed as potential alternative excipient’s matrix for Iron and Zinc release and bioavailability. Thus, this approach is practical for indirect waste elimination, and can promote strategy for sustainable valorisation of agricultural wastes and alternative functional food supplements delivery system.
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    Evaluation of Novel Bitter Cassava Film for Equilibrium Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Cherry Tomatoes
    (Food Packaging and Shelf Life Journal, 2017) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Sousaa, A.R.; Oliveiraa, J.C.; Sousa-Gallaghera, Maria Jose
    Equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP) technology offers the possibility to maintain produce postharvest quality and extend its shelf-life. However, EMAP stability depends on well-tuned packaging design parameters to match environmental conditions. This study defined the design requirements of a biobased film EMAP that can preserve the quality and prolong the shelf-life of fresh cherry tomatoes under recommended and simulated abuse supply chain conditions. Optimum EMAP was evaluated based on headspace gas composition at 10–20 °C, 75–95% RH and verified by determining quality changes of packed cherry tomatoes in using a continuous or micro-perforated (0.27 μm) bio-based intact bitter cassava (IBC) film. This was compared with a non-bio-based polymer film (oriented polypropylene, OPP). The IBC film attained equilibrium O2 (2–3%) after 180 h at 10 °C, with 0 and 1 perforation, for 75 and 95% RH while OPP film maintained a downward O2 fall. Continuous and micro-perforated IBC film did not show any major differences in equilibrium headspace O2, thus perforation can be neglected. Based on desirability optimisation results, biobased IBC film demonstrated a better optimized EMAP system in attaining recommended gas and stretching cherry tomato shelf-life as compared to non-biobased (OPP) film. The application of bio-based IBC film offers new possibilities in packaging fresh produce under an equilibrium modified atmosphere without compromising its quality.
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    Integrated Process Standardisation as a Zero-Based Approach to Bitter Cassava Waste Elimination and Widely-Applicable Industrial Biomaterial Derivatives
    (Chemical Engineering and Processing Journal, 2016) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Peddapatla, R.V.G.; Crean, A.; Oliveira, J.C.; Sousa Gallagher, Maria Jose
    Integrated standardised methodology for biopolymer derivatives (BPD) production from novel intact bitter cassava was demonstrated by desirability optimisation of simultaneous release, recovery, cyanogenesis (SRRC) process. BPD were evaluated for yield and colour using buffer (0,2,4 % v/v), cassava waste solids (15,23,30 % w/w), and extraction time (4,7,10 minutes). Nearly all the root was transformed into BPD, with higher yield and colour in comparison to starch extrinsically processed. Maximum global desirability, predicted efficient material balance, buffer 4.0 %w/v, cassava waste solids 23 %w/w and extraction time, 10 minutes, producing BPD yield, 38.8 % wb Validation using buffer, 3.3% w/v, cassava waste solids, 30 % w/w and extraction time, 10 minutes, produced 40.7 % wb BPD. SEM, DSC, TGA, FTIR and moisture barrier analyses revealed a uniform microstructure and high thermal stability of BPD and film, thus demonstrating efficient performance of the standardised integrated methodology. Hence, processing intact cassava root as a standardised integrated methodology could be used to produce sustainable low cost BPD for a broad range of applications. Methodologies designed around standard integrated procedures, matching zero-based approach to contamination, are novel strategies, and if used effectively can eliminate cassava wastes and recover BPD resources as sustainable biomaterials.
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    Integrated Sustainable Process Design Framework for Cassava Biobased Packaging Materials: Critical Review of Current Challenges, Emerging Trends and Prospects
    (Trends in food science and technology, 2016) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Oliveira, J.C.; Sousa-Gallagher, Maria Jose
    Background: Cassava represents a reasonable share in biobased material development globally. The production of its biopolymer derivatives using conventional techniques/methods is accompanied by significant wastes with potential negative environmental impact. Among the biopolymer derivatives, starch dominates as lone additive in cast matrices with packaging limitations, requiring other biopolymer derivatives, and/or external-source modifiers for matrix improvement. exploiting integrated sustainable engineering process design of all biopolymer derivatives, is a novel approch in deaigning efficient system of cassava biobased materials for food and non-food applications. Scope and approach: A critical review on the current and emerging techniques and methodologies to address cassava wastes and challenges of cassava research for application on biobased packaging are provided. The potential of integrated sustainable engineering process design framework for packaging system is discussed, and prospects for improvement suggested. Key findings and conclusions: Challenges of significant waste generated during conventional processing and on the application process aiming at tailoring materials to industrial needs are reported. These materials should be improved using a holistic approach reflecting the target products, variable environment, minimising production costs and energy. Use of novel material resources, eliminating waste, and employing a standardised methodology via desirability optimisation, present a promising process integration tool for development of sustainable cassava biobased systems.
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    New Sustainable Approach to Reduce Cassava Borne Environmental Waste and Develop Biodegradable Materials for Food Packaging Applications
    (Food Packaging and Shelf Life Journal, 2016) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Oliveira, J.C.; Sousa-Gallagher, Maria Jose
    Transforming waste cassava into a sustainable resource requires a new approach and redesign of the current processing methodologies. Bitter cassava cultivars have been employed mainly as an emergency famine food, but could also be used as a value-added material for packaging. Processing of intact bitter cassava can minimize waste, and produce low-cost added value biopolymer packaging films for targeted applications. This study developed an improved simultaneous release, recovery and cyanogenesis (SRRC) downstream processing methodology for sustainable reduction of waste and development of film packaging material using intact bitter cassava. SRRC approach produced peeled (BP) and intact (BI) bitter cassava biopolymer derivatives. BI showed significantly higher yields ensuring 16% waste decrease with no environmental impact caused by discard residues. SRRC was very effective in reducing the total cyanogen content to within Codex minimum safety limits, demonstrating that the peeling of bitter cassava process can be avoided. Transparent films were produced using the casting method from both BP and BI derivatives. BI films were more transparent and homogeneous, less soluble, less permeable to moisture, less hydrophilic, more permeable to oxygen and carbon-dioxide, sealable, lower cost, than the BP. Hence, intact bitter cassava and SRRC can be used as sustainable, safe, integrative process solution for high value-added product (e.g., packaging film) production from low-cost biobased materials.
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    Novel Intact Bitter Cassava: Sustainable Development and Desirability Optimisation of Packaging Films
    (Food Bioprocess Technol Journal, 2016) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Oliveira, J.C.; Sousa-Gallagher, Maria Jose; Montañez, J. C.
    Novel biomaterials and optimal processing conditions are fundamental in low-cost packaging material production. Recently, a novel biobased intact bitter cassava derivative was developed using an intrinsic, high-throughput downstream processing methodology (simultaneous release recovery cyanogenesis). Processing of intact bitter cassava can minimise waste and produce low-cost added value biopolymer packaging films. The objective of this study was to (i) develop and characterise intact bitter cassava biobased films and (ii) determine the optimal processing conditions, which define the most desirable film properties. Films were developed following a Box-Behnken design considering cassava (2, 3, 4 % w/v), glycerol (20, 30, 40 % w/w) and drying temperature (30, 40, 50 °C) and optimized using multi-response desirability. Processing conditions produced films with highly significant (p < 0.05) differences. Developed models predicted impact of processing conditions on film properties. Desirable film properties for food packaging were produced using the optimised processing conditions, 2 % w/v cassava, 40.0%w/w glycerol and 50 °C drying temperature. These processing conditions produced films with 0.3 %; transparency, 3.4 %; solubility, 21.8 %; water-vapour-permeability, 4.2 gmm/m2/day/kPa; glass transition, 56 °C; melting temperature, 212.6 °C; tensile strength, 16.3 MPa; elongation, 133.3 %; elastic modulus, 5.1MPa and puncture resistance, 57.9 J, which are adequate for packaging applications. Therefore, intact bitter cassava is a viable material to produce packaging films that can be tailored for specific sustainable, low-cost applications.
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    Quantitative and Mechanistic Analysis of Impact of Novel Cassava-Assisted Improved Processing on Fluid Transport Phenomenon in Humidity-Temperature-Stressed Bio-Derived Films
    (European Polymer Journal, 2016) Tumwesigye, Kashub Steven; Oliveira, J.C.; Sousa-Gallagher, Maria Jose
    Bio-derived films’ realistic performance integrity is ascertained by their resilience in highly stressful storage conditions, a function of its ability to respond timely and manages fluid barrier appropriately. Bio-derived films’ moisture and temperature sensitivity often posed mass transport challenges, thus decreasing their lifespan. Quantifying bio-derived film mass transport behaviour has been limited to mass transfer representations, which can be imperfect to understand fully mass transport phenomenon. This study reported quantitative and mechanistic analysis of fluid-phase mass transport phenomenon in Simultaneous Release Recovery Cyanogenesis-produced intact bitter cassava (IBC) bio-derived films under stressful conditions. Films were tested for solvent solubility, swelling ratio, sorption and permeability to water vapour and oxygen at 10-40°C and 10-95% RH. Film’s structural alterations were characterised by their thermal and chemical properties. Modified-BET, Peleg, Oswin models best described sorption data. Temperature-dependence of film water vapour permeability was simulated best by Arrhenius model, while oxygen permeability was influenced highly by crystallinity and RH. Non-organic and organic film-solvent diffusion followed case II and Fickian diffusional patterns respectively. Solvents induced structural changes in IBC films with concentration-dependent diffusion. Cassava bio-derived films’ integrity will depend on the host environment, thus maximum care should be ensured to minimise environment impact during applications. Nonetheless, IBC films hold potential as biomaterials for broad range product use.