Knowledge and Practice of Lifestyle Modifications Among Hypertensive Patients in Rural Bugisu Region

Abstract

Hypertension is a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality. The widespread nature of uncontrolled hypertension is often attributed to the inadequate utilisation of Lifestyle Modification (LSM) approaches, despite their crucial role in effective management. This study aims to describe the knowledge and practices of Lifestyle Modification among hypertensive patients in the rural Bugisu sub-region at Muyembe Health Centre IV in Bulambuli District, Uganda. It also utilizes the Health Belief Model to explore how patients' beliefs, perceived barriers, and motivations influence their behavior, thereby informing the development of targeted interventions for improved hypertension management. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, involving 90 consecutively selected hypertensive patients. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, which included multiple-choice and Likert scale questions. The data were then analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27 software. A sufficient knowledge score was defined as above 70%, and a mean score of ≥4 indicated adequate practice. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality, were strictly maintained throughout the study. Of the 90 participants, the majority were aged 61 and above (36.7%) and female (70%). While most participants understood the general meaning and benefits of LSM, only 15.6% demonstrated sufficient knowledge of specific Lifestyle Modifications, and merely 1.1% adequately practiced them (mean score ≥4). These findings highlight a significant gap between knowledge and practice. Overall, knowledge and practice of Lifestyle Modification were found to be sub-optimal among hypertensive patients. It is recommended that the Ministry of Health develops policies and advocates for enhanced patient education on LSM at both community and health facility levels to improve hypertension management