A lab-on-chip for malaria diagnosis and surveillance

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dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Brian J.
dc.contributor.authorHowell, Anita
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Kimberly A.
dc.contributor.authorManage, Dammika P.
dc.contributor.authorGordy, Walter
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, Stephanie D.
dc.contributor.authorLam, Samantha
dc.contributor.authorJin, Albert
dc.contributor.authorPolley, Spncer D.
dc.contributor.authorSamuel, Roshini A.
dc.contributor.authorAtrazhev, Alexey
dc.contributor.authorStickel, Alex J.
dc.contributor.authorBirungi, Josephine
dc.contributor.authorMbonye, Anthony K.
dc.contributor.authorPilarski, Linda M.
dc.contributor.authorAcker, Jason P.
dc.contributor.authorYanow, Stephanie K.
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-25T06:13:35Z
dc.date.available2018-07-25T06:13:35Z
dc.date.issued2014-05-09
dc.descriptionThis study examines a lab-on-chip that was created to overcome barriers in technology, reagent storage, cost and expertise in this study a simple, lab-on-chip PCR diagnostic was created for malaria testing.en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Access to timely and accurate diagnostic tests has a significant impact in the management of diseases of global concern such as malaria. While molecular diagnostics satisfy this need effectively in developed countries, barriers in technology, reagent storage, cost and expertise have hampered the introduction of these methods in developing countries. In this study a simple, lab-on-chip PCR diagnostic was created for malaria that overcomes these challenges. Methods: The platform consists of a disposable plastic chip and a low-cost, portable, real-time PCR machine. The chip contains a desiccated hydrogel with reagents needed for Plasmodium specific PCR. Chips can be stored at room temperature and used on demand by rehydrating the gel with unprocessed blood, avoiding the need for sample preparation. These chips were run on a custom-built instrument containing a Peltier element for thermal cycling and a laser/camera setup for amplicon detection. Results: This diagnostic was capable of detecting all Plasmodium species with a limit of detection for Plasmodium falciparum of 2 parasites/μL of blood. This exceeds the sensitivity of microscopy, the current standard for diagnosis in the field, by ten to fifty-fold. In a blind panel of 188 patient samples from a hyper-endemic region of malaria transmission in Uganda, the diagnostic had high sensitivity (97.4%) and specificity (93.8%) versus conventional real-time PCR. The test also distinguished the two most prevalent malaria species in mixed infections, P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. A second blind panel of 38 patient samples was tested on a streamlined instrument with LED-based excitation, achieving a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusions: These results describe the development of a lab-on-chip PCR diagnostic from initial concept to ready-for-manufacture design. This platform will be useful in front-line malaria diagnosis, elimination programmes, and clinical trials. Furthermore, test chips can be adapted to detect other pathogens for a differential diagnosis in the field. The flexibility, reliability, and robustness of this technology hold much promise for its use as a novel molecular diagnostic platform in developing countries.en_US
dc.identifier.citationTaylor, Brian J., Howell, Anita, Martin, Kimberly A., Manage, Dammika P., Gordy, Walter, Campbell, Stephanie D., Lam, Samantha, Jin, Albert, Polley, Spncer D., Samuel, Roshini A., Atrazhev, Alexey, Stickel , Alex J., Birungi, Josephine, Mbonye, Anthony K., Pilarski, Linda M., Acker Jason P., and Yanow, Stephanie K., 2014. A lab-on-chip for malaria diagnosis and surveillance.en_US
dc.identifier.issn14752875
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11951/273
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltd.en_US
dc.subjectA lab-on-chipen_US
dc.subjectMalariaen_US
dc.subjectMalaria diagnosisen_US
dc.subjectSurveillanceen_US
dc.titleA lab-on-chip for malaria diagnosis and surveillanceen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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The final, definitive version of this paper has been published in the Malaria Journal, Vol.14, May/ 2014. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-179; published by BioMed Central Ltd. All rights reserved.
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