Faculty of Engineering, Design and Technology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11951/927

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Browsing Faculty of Engineering, Design and Technology by Subject "Assessment"

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    Assessing demand for improved sustainable sanitation in low-income informal settlements of urban areas: a critical review
    (2014-03-13) Okurut, Kenan; Kulabako, Robinah Nakawunde; Chenoweth, Jonathan; Charles, Katrina
    Sanitation improvement is crucial in saving lives that are lost due to water contamination. Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in low-income informal settlements in most developing countries. Furthermore, resources are being wasted on installing facilities that are later misused or never used because they do not meet the local demand. Understanding demand for improved sanitation in the local context is critical if facilities are to be continually used. Various approaches that attempt to change peoples’ behaviours or create demand have been reviewed to identify what they are designed to address. A multi-disciplinary research team using mixed methods is re-emphasised as a comprehensive approach for assessing demand for improved sanitation in low-income informal settlements, where the sanitation situation is more challenging than in other areas. Further research involving a multi-disciplinary research team and use of mixed methods to assess sanitation demand in informal settlements is needed.
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    Assessment of apparent losses in urban water systems
    (2011-08-17) Mutikanga, Harrison E.; Sharma, Saroj K.; Vairavamoorthy, Kalanithy
    Apparent losses relate to water that is consumed but not paid for. Most research carried out in the last decade particularly in the United Kingdom focused mainly on leakage. Until now, there are no set procedures and guidelines for assessment of apparent losses. Much work remains to bring it to par with the available tools and methodologies for leakage management. In the absence of adequate data and proper methodology, most developed countries use default values, which tend to be lowest values for well-managed water systems, for computation of apparent losses. These may not be appropriate for developing countries. This paper presents a methodology for the assessment of different components of apparent losses based on field audit and operational data for Kampala city’s water distribution system in Uganda. Metering inaccuracies and illegal use have been found to be significant components of apparent losses. Appropriate intervention strategies have been developed based on the assessment.