Browsing by Author "TUSIIMIRE BENJAMIN"

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    INFLUENCE OF HOUSEHOLD WATER HANDLING PRACTICES ON THE QUALITY OF DOMESTIC WATER IN MBARARA CITY, SOUTHWESTERN UGANDA
    (UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-10-08) TUSIIMIRE BENJAMIN
    Safe drinking water remains a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries despite improvements in supply infrastructure. This study assessed the influence of household water handling practices on domestic water quality in Mbarara City, Southwestern Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2024 and January 2025 among 72 randomly selected households across 12 wards. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, observations, and water sampling at three points within the household water chain: source (such as tap), storage, and drinking water. Microbiological analyses included total plate count, coliforms, and Escherichia coli, while physicochemical parameters assessed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). Results showed that physicochemical parameters remained within Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) limits. However, microbiological contamination was detected in several wards, particularly at the storage stages. Post-source contamination was linked to unsafe handling practices such as the use of uncovered containers, infrequent cleaning, and prolonged storage. Regression analysis indicated significant associations between container type and EC (β = 219.47, p < 0.01), and between annual cleaning and elevated TDS (β = 67.25, p = 0.045). Socio-demographic factors, including education and income, also influenced safe water handling practices. The study concludes that while the supply water largely met national standards, poor handling practices compromised household water safety. Interventions promoting regular cleaning of storage containers, safer storage methods, and community education on water hygiene are recommended to safeguard water quality and reduce waterborne disease risks in Mbarara City.