Browsing by Author "Othieno, Emmanuel"

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Beliefs of Communities and Health Staff about Echinococcus granulosus Infection in Selected Pastoral and Agropastoral Regions of Uganda
(Journal of Parasitology Research, 2018-05) Othieno, Emmanuel; Ocaido, Michael; Mupere, Ezekiel; Omadang, Leonard; Oba, Peter; Okwi, Andrew Livex
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done to determine knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of the communities and health workers about cystic echinococcosis (CE) in pastoral region of Northeastern (NE) and agropastoral regions of Eastern (E) and Central (C) Uganda. Overall a total of 1310 participants were interviewed. Community respondents from NE region were more aware of CE infection than those from Eastern (OR 4.85; CI: 3.60–6.60; p < 0.001) and Central (OR 5.73; CI: 4.22–7.82; p < 0.001) regions. 19.8% of the respondents from EA region had positive attitude towards visiting witch doctors for treatment compared with 62.0% and 60.4% from NE and Central regions, respectively (p < 0.001). Notably, the awareness of CE increased with level of education (P< 0.001). There was no statistical difference between male and female respondents as far as awareness of CE was concerned (). 51.7% of the community respondents from Central believed CE is caused by witchcraft, compared with 31.3% and 14.3% from NE and EA regions, respectively (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between health staff regarding their knowledge, attitude, and beliefs about CE infection (p >0.05). None of the participants knew his/her CE status. The communities need to be sensitized about CE detection, control, and management and health staff need to be trained on CE diagnosis.
Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor: A Case Report About a Uterine Tumor’s Case
(Elsevier, 2022-05-20) Morgan, Emanuel D; Okecha, Tonny; Yahaya, James J.; Othieno, Emmanuel
Introduction: Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive tumor which occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women though it has been reported rarely in premenopausal women. Case presentation: A 54-year old nulliparous postmenopausal female presented with a 3-month history of vaginal bleeding, mild lower abdominal pain and weight loss. Ultrasound revealed markedly enlarged uterus with a hyper-echoic solid and cystic mass and a right adnexal complex mass. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingioopherectomy were done. Histopathological features were consistent with MMMT. The patient is currently stable after 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy which consisted of paclitaxel and carboplatin. Clinical discussion: MMMT of the uterus is rare, high-grade neoplasms comprising only 1–2% of uterine cancers and 3–5% of all uterine malignancies. This tumor may arise in the ovaries, fallopian tubes and vagina. Histologically, MMMT is a biphasic tumor composed of both epithelial (carcinoma) elements and mesenchymal (sarcoma) elements; though, which component is responsible for the tumor’s aggressive biological behavior remains undetermined. Conclusion: MMMT is a rare and aggressive tumor which is commonly seen in postmenopausal women with high rate of recurrence therefore, Radical surgery and close follow-up is mandatory since the role of chemoradiotherapy remains unclear in the management of patients with this tumor. Both stage of the tumor and myometrial invasion are considered as potential prognostic factors.
Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Selected Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Districts of Uganda
(SciMed Central, 2016-05) Othieno, Emmanuel; Okwi, Andrew; Mupere, Ezekiel; Bimenya, Gabriel; Zeyhle, Eberhard; Oba, Peter; Chamai, Martin; Omadang, Leonard; Inangolet, Francis O.; Siefert, Ludwing; Ejobi, Francis; Ocaido, Michael
A cross sectional ultrasound screening survey for human cystic echinococcosis (CE) was undertaken in the pastoral districts of Moroto, Napak, Nakapiripirit and Amudat in Karamoja sub-region; and agro-pastoral communities of Teso region, in the districts of Kumi and Bukedea. Other areas of the survey included: Nakasongola in Central region and Kasese district in the Western region of Uganda. A total of 3,636 participants were screened and 67 cases (1.84%) had CE. The organ most affected was the liver 61.2% (41/67), followed by the kidney 17.9% (12/67), spleen 10.44% (7/67), omentum 8.95% 6/67) and lungs 1.5% (1/67). All districts screened had positive cases with the highest prevalence occurring in Napak (3.9%) and the lowest in Nakapiripirit (0.45%). The prevalence of CE (0.5±0.3%) in South Karamoja (Amudat and Nakapiripirit) was significantly lower (P<0.001, χ2= 18.98) than in Central Karamoja (Napak and Moroto, 3.32±1.3%). The prevalence of CE in Teso region was found to be 1.21±0.8%, Kasese 2.15±1.2 % and Nakasongola 2.7±1.3%. The prevalence in south Karamoja was lowest. Overall, there was no significant difference (P<0.05; χ2= 0.12) in prevalence between males (1.7%) and females (1.9%). However, in Karamoja females (2.2% CI: 0.8-3.6) were more likely to be infected (χ2= 16; P<0.05) with CE than males (0.9% CI: 0.1-1.7). Sixty four percent (n=43) of the cysts detected were viable.
Risk Factors Associated With Cystic Echinococcosis in Humans in Selected Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Areas of Uganda
(International Journal of One Health, 2017-02) Othieno, Emmanuel; Okwi, Andrew Livex; Mupere, Ezekiel; Zeyhle, Eberhard; Oba, Peter; Chamai, Martin; Omadang, Leonard; Inangolet, Francis Olaki; Siefert, Ludwing; Ejobi, Francis; Ocaido, Michael
Aim: It was to determine the risk factors responsible of occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) of humans in the pastoral and agro-pastoral (PAP) in Uganda. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in districts: Moroto, Napak, Nakapiripirit and Amudat in Karamoja region; in agro-pastoral communities of Teso region, in the districts of Kumi and Bukedea; Nakasongola district in Central region and in Kasese district in the Western region. People were subjected to voluntary ultrasound screening for CE. Those found positive to CE on ultrasound screening were interviewed using a special designed form to find out the probable predisposing factors for acquisition of CE infection. Predisposing factors considered were location, age, sex, dog ownership, occupation, water source, and religion. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify key risk factors. Results: In Karamoja region, being female, age beyond 40 years and open spring water sources were the risk factors. While for Nakasongola age beyond 40 years was a risk factor. In Kasese dog ownership, age >60 years and being a Muslim were risk factors. In Teso region dog ownership and age >60 years were the risk factors. Conclusion: Being a pastoralist, a female, increasing age beyond 40 years, open spring water sources, dog ownership and being a Muslim were the risk factors for CE in PAP areas in Uganda.