Browsing by Author "Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo"

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Adherence to Self-care Practices among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Uganda
(International Scientific Indexing, 2023-06-30) Kiruyi, Samuel; Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Higenyi, Emmanuel; Rajab, Kalidi; Walusimbi, David; Ansiima, Sheila; Kitutu, Freddy Eric
Adherence to self-care practices among diabetes mellitus patients is vital in achieving optimal glycemic control and delaying the progression of the disease complications. There is limited information regarding diabetes self-care among diabetic patients in Eastern Uganda, where the disease is most prevalent. The aim of this study was to determine the level of adherence to diabetes mellitus self-care practices and the associated factors among adult diabetic outpatients at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda between September and October 2020, on a sample of 156 diabetic patients recruited through systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data through self-report. Descriptive and Logistic regression analyses were conducted using STATA version 15.0, and a 5% level of significance. Most of the study participants were female (63.8%) with an average age of 52.3 years (SD 13.8). The prevalence of adherence to self-care was 36.5%. The factors associated with adherence to self-care were good diabetes knowledge (AOR=2.5; 95% CI= 1.2-5.3, p = 0.016), and high self-efficacy (AOR=3.9; 95% CI= 1.8 – 8.7, p = 0.001). Less than half of the patients attending the diabetic clinic at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda adhere to self-care practices. Patients ought to receive comprehensive, consistent, and contextualized diabetes education to enrich their knowledge, as well as a boost of their self-efficacy through interventions like counseling, positive feedback, role models, and peer education.
Drug and Therapeutics Committee Structure and Roles in Hospitals: A Scoping Review
(International Scientific Indexing, 2023-12-29) Kiruyi, Samuel; Nagadya, Catherine; Walusimbi, David; Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Higenyi, Emmanuel; Rajab, Kalidi
Drug and Therapeutics Committees (DTCs) have been identified and promoted as a fundamental model in advancing the rational management and use of essential medicines and health supplies in hospitals since the 1970s. However, there is still a scarcity of comprehensive literature on their current structure and actual roles performed in various countries. We conducted a scoping review using the Pubmed and ResearchGate databases and included eligible articles published between 2010 and 2023, to assess the structure and roles performed by hospital DTCs. The database search yielded 47 potential records, but only seven of these were eligible for inclusion. Studies included were from both highincome and low- and middle-income countries. The structure of DTCs is generally similar across these countries, with minor contextual variations. All DTCs are heterogeneous in composition and contain both medical and non-medical staff. The DTC leadership comprises a chairperson who is usually a senior clinician, and a secretary who is usually a pharmacist. The majority of the DTCs have at least one sub-committee, and antimicrobial stewardship is the most common. The DTCs still perform their customary roles, although their role scope is expanding. In some countries, the DTCs have taken on additional roles due to the evolving medicines management and use problems, and technologies. There is however still a dearth of recent primary data on the structure and roles of DTCs in many countries. We recommend more primary research to understand the status of DTCs in various countries and to provide more insights into the existence and functionality of the DTC sub-committees.
Effects of Lifting COVID-19 Lockdown on Ambient Air Particulate Matter and Associated Health Risk at Uganda Christian University’s Main Campus, Mukono
(Texila International Journal, 2020-09-30) Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Kizza-Nkambwe, Sarah
Lockdowns control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus and are associated with improved air quality. Uganda imposed a lockdown beginning March 18th and begun easing it on the 2nd of June 2020. This study analysed ambient air PM2.5 at Uganda Christian University’s (UCU) main campus during and after the lockdown. Health risk reflected by avoidable premature deaths associated with poorer air quality due to lifting of the lockdown was also estimated. Laser particle counter, Purple Air PA-II, measured ambient Air PM2.5 concentration at UCU main campus for the lockdown period of 8th April to 30th June 2020. Excel Toolpak was used for data analysis and the health risk assessed with the World Health Organisation’s AirQ+ tool. The 24-hour ambient mean PM2.5 count was 16.61 μg/m³ during the lockdown and it increased to 35.57 μg/m³ on lifting of the lockdown. The increased PM2.5 is associated with a higher risk of preventable premature deaths. Vehicles using adjacent roadways were the likely source of ambient air PM2.5 at UCU. Ambient air PM2.5 during the lockdown was moderate on the Air Quality Index and it deteriorated to unhealthy for sensitive people during the lifting of the lockdown which raised the risk of preventable premature deaths. Air quality at UCU main campus could be improved by planting a wide vegetation fence next to the adjacent roads, using cleaner fuel in the University’s kitchen, lobbying for paving Bishop Road and placing new buildings away from roads. These would improve health including Covid-19 outcomes.
Health Risk Associated with Near-Road Ambient Air Concentration of Particulate Matter in Mukono Municipal Council, Uganda
(Texila International Journals, 2021-03-31) Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Kizza-Nkambwe, Sarah
More than 98% of urban centres exceeding 100,000 people in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), do not meet the WHO air quality limits. Data on air pollution from LMICs is scarce. We measured the mean concentrations of near-road PM2.5 in the period of Aug.-Dec. 2020, described the Mukono Municipality’s near-road populations’ exposure to PM2.5, and assessed the associated health risk. PurpleAir PA-II laser particle counters, measured near-road ambient air PM2.5 concentration in Mukono Municipality during the period of 09/1/20 to 12/04/20. Excel Toolpak was used for data analysis and the health risk assessed with the WHO AirQ+ tool. The mean ambient near–road PM2.5 in Mukono Municipality were 30.97, 33.84 and 47.74 ug/m3for background, near-unpaved and near-paved roads, respectively. Mukono Municipality’s population was exposed to ambient PM2.5 concentrations higher than the WHO annual limit of 10 ug/m3. This level of air pollution is associated with preventable annual premature deaths of up to 133.11 per 100,000 population. Vehicles were assumed to be the predominant source of near-road ambient air PM2.5 pollution. The Municipality’s population was exposed to near-road ambient air PM2.5 exceeding the WHO annual limit by as much as *4.7 for the paved roads, *3.3 for the unpaved roads and *3 for the background. This leads to increased risk of preventable premature deaths in the Municipality.Mukono Municipality could monitor PM2.5; guide developers to placebuildings more than 100 meters away from roadsides and should promotepolicies for newer vehicles on Ugandan roads.
Investigation of the Practices, Legislation, Supply Chain, and Regulation of Opioids for Clinical Pain Management in Southern Africa: A Multi-sectoral, Cross-National, Mixed Methods Study
(Elsevier, 2018-03-03) Namisango, Eve; Allsop, Mathew; Powell, Richard A.; Friedrichsdorf, Stefan J.; Luyiraka, Emmanuel B.K.; Kiyange, Fatiya; Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Ntege, Chris; Garanganga, Eunice; Ginindza-Mdluli, Mavis Ntombifuthi; Mwangi-Powell, Faith; Mondlane, Lidia Justino; Harding, Richard
Sub-Saharan Africa faces an increasing incidence and prevalence of life-limiting and life-threatening conditions. These conditions are associated with a significant burden of pain linked to high morbidity and disability that is poorly assessed and undertreated. Barriers to effective pain management partly relate to lack of access to opioid analgesia and challenges in their administration. To identify country-specific and broader regional barriers to access, as well as the administration of opioids, and generate recommendations for advancing pain management in Southern Africa. A parallel mixed methods design was used across three countries: Mozambique, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. Three activities were undertaken: 1) a review of regulatory and policy documentation, 2) group interviews, and 3) a self-administered key informant survey. Barriers to accessing opioid analgesics for medical use include overly restrictive controlled medicines’ laws; use of stigmatizing language in key documents; inaccurate actual opioid consumption estimation practices; knowledge gaps in the distribution, storage, and prescription of opioids; critical shortage of prescribers; and high out-of-pocket financial expenditures for patients against a backdrop of high levels of poverty. Policies and relevant laws should be updated to ensure that the legislative environment supports opioid access for pain management. Action plans for improving pain treatment for patients suffering from HIV or non-communicable diseases should address barriers at the different levels of the supply chain that involve policymakers, administrators, and service providers. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018;55:851e863. 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine.
Students’ Health Seeking Behaviour and its Rationale at Uganda Christian University
(Texila International Journal, 2018-09-28) Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Carabine, Deirdre; Kikule, Ekiria
Uganda Christian University’s records of 2013-2014 show that approximately 30% of the 3,300 students in the Easter Semester did not register for and therefore could not use the University’s health services. This study analysed Uganda Christian University students’ health seeking behaviour in order to identify their preferred health care services and rationale for their choice, and the barriers to the University’s health system. A cross-sectional and mixed design was applied. Data was collected with a questionnaire administered to a sample of 424 Uganda Christian University students in April 2015. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS 16. Qualitative data was analysed by content analysis. Most students came from urban (51%) or peri-urban (23.4%) homes and had parents or guardians with post-secondary school education (80%). Most of the students used the university’s Allan Galpin Health Centre (78%) when in need of health care but given choice, they would prefer other health facilities, especially those nearest. The most frequent reason for choice was convenience. The females perceived their state of health differently from the males (p-value 0.03) and they had more unmet health needs. Barriers include unavailability of needed services, long queues, poor customer care, lack of trust in the service, waiting to see if the health problem would resolve and lack of relevant information. The findings are similar to those from studies done in similar contexts. Key influencers of health seeking behaviour were convenience and gender. Unavailability of needed services and customer care issues were barriers to the University health services.
Students’ Health Seeking Behaviour and its Rationale at Uganda Christian University
(Texila International Journal, 2018-09-28) Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Carabine, Deirdre; Kikule, Ekiria
Uganda Christian University’s records of 2013-2014 show that approximately 30% of the 3,300 students in the Easter Semester did not register for and therefore could not use the University’s health services. This study analysed Uganda Christian University students’ health seeking behaviour in order to identify their preferred health care services and rationale for their choice, and the barriers to the University’s health system. A cross-sectional and mixed design was applied. Data was collected with a questionnaire administered to a sample of 424 Uganda Christian University students in April 2015. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS 16. Qualitative data was analysed by content analysis. Most students came from urban (51%) or peri-urban (23.4%) homes and had parents or guardians with post-secondary school education (80%). Most of the students used the university’s Allan Galpin Health Centre (78%) when in need of health care but given choice, they would prefer other health facilities, especially those nearest. The most frequent reason for choice was convenience. The females perceived their state of health differently from the males (p-value 0.03) and they had more unmet health needs. Barriers include unavailability of needed services, long queues, poor customer care, lack of trust in the service, waiting to see if the health problem would resolve and lack of relevant information. The findings are similar to those from studies done in similar contexts. Key influencers of health seeking behaviour were convenience and gender. Unavailability of needed services and customer care issues were barriers to the University health services.
The Health and Socio-Economic Status of the Buvuma Main Island Community in Buvuma District, Uganda
(Texila International Journal, 2020-09-30) Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Kikule, Ekiria; Mugarura, Evatt; Semuju, Stephen; Kusiima, Maureen; Ubomba Jaswa, Peter; Kanyesigye, Edward
Uganda Christian University’s Department of Public Health with Buvuma District local government, the local communities and the local Anglican Church of Uganda conducted a study to assess the household health and socio-economic status of communities on Buvuma’s main island. The Study design was cross-sectional and descriptive. The sample was 212 households and data were collected using Pretested Questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions, and Key Informants Interviews. Most respondents (59.9%) were female, aged 18-59 years (89.9%) with primary education (48.1%). About 21% of respondents had no formal education. Housing was mainly (73.1%) one or two roomed with earthen floors in 84.4%.; the lake was a source of water in 41% of households and water was used untreated in 36.8% of households; latrine coverage was 62.7%. Wood (70.5%) and charcoal (29.5%) were the energy sources for cooking and solar energy was used for lighting in 54.3% of the households. Malaria was the commonest cause of morbidity; 100% of households had nets, but 32.1% did not use them. 92% of mothers received antenatal care but 88.2% delivered in health facilities. Income was mostly from subsistence farming (74%) with per capita income of 20,000 to 50,000 Uganda shillings for 45% households. Most income (54%) was spent on children’s education. About 50.9% of respondents did not own land but 89.6% had a garden to grow food. Overall, the study community, in a hard to reach island district, had poorer health and socio-economic indicators than the Country.
The Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia among Clients of the AIDS Support Organisation-Entebbe, Uganda
(Texila International Journals, 2021-12-28) Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo; Nakyeyune, Lydia; Seguya, Henry; Kikule, Ekria
Anaemia, a common hematological disorder in HIV infection, compromises the quality of life and treatment outcomes. At The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Entebbe, the records for the 2016-2018 period show a 10% prevalence of anaemia which is lower than that in literature where it is said to be up to 95%. This study determined the prevalence, type, severity, and determinants of anaemia among people living with HIV and AIDS who receive care from TASO Entebbe in Uganda. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 624 TASO clients. A checklist identified the clients’ Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) combination and viral load. The selected clients’ Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated to assess their nutritional status. A Fully Automated Humacount 60TS Three-Part Hematology Analyzer was used to measure hemoglobin and to do a full blood count. A blood film from each sample was manually examined for the type of anaemia. Data analysis was done with Stata MP 15. The prevalence of anaemia was 44.4%, and the anaemia was mostly mild (54.15%) to moderate (40.80%). Anaemia of inflammation was the commonest type (>58%). Gender, viral suppression, nutritional status, nutritional education, marital and economic status were significantly associated with the anaemia. Duration on ART had a protective effect, but this was not statistically significant. The prevalence of anaemia (44.4%) among the TASO-Entebbe Uganda clients was high, but the anaemia was mostly mild to moderate (>94%) and of inflammation type (>58%). Management of anaemia in HIV requires intentional screening since it compromises treatment outcomes.